Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32121310›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2020

Chaotic Image Encryption Using Hopfield and Hindmarsh-Rose Neurons Implemented on FPGA.

Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle, Jonathan Daniel Díaz-Muñoz, Astrid Maritza González-Zapata, Rui Li, Walter Daniel León-Salas, Francisco V Fernández, Omar Guillén-Fernández, Israel Cruz-Vega

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Spiking Neuron Mathematical Models: A Compact Overview.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
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  6. Article
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  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Esteban Tlelo-CuautleINAOE, Department of Electronics, Puebla 72840, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-7187-4686
Jonathan Daniel Díaz-MuñozINAOE, Department of Electronics, Puebla 72840, Mexico.
Astrid Maritza González-ZapataINAOE, Department of Electronics, Puebla 72840, Mexico.
Rui LiUESTC, School of Automation Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.
Walter Daniel León-SalasPurdue University, School of Engineering Technology, 401 N. Grant St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Francisco V FernándezInstituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8682-2280
Omar Guillén-FernándezINAOE, Department of Electronics, Puebla 72840, Mexico.
Israel Cruz-VegaINAOE, Department of Electronics, Puebla 72840, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-0380-0233

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chaotic systems implemented by artificial neural networks are good candidates for data encryption. In this manner, this paper introduces the cryptographic application of the Hopfield and the Hindmarsh-Rose neurons. The contribution is focused on finding suitable coefficient values of the neurons to generate robust random binary sequences that can be used in image encryption. This task is performed by evaluating the bifurcation diagrams from which one chooses appropriate coefficient values of the mathematical models that produce high positive Lyapunov exponent and Kaplan-Yorke dimension values, which are computed using TISEAN. The randomness of both the Hopfield and the Hindmarsh-Rose neurons is evaluated from chaotic time series data by performing National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) tests. The implementation of both neurons is done using field-programmable gate arrays whose architectures are used to develop an encryption system for RGB images. The success of the encryption system is confirmed by performing correlation, histogram, variance, entropy, and Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR) tests.

Indexed as

chaoscorrelationFPGAHindmarsh–Rose neuronHopfield neuronimage encryptionLyapunov exponent

Identifiers

PMID32121310
PMCPMC7085708

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.