ReviewBrain sciences2020
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Rural-Urban Disparities and Considerations.
Review in Brain sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic search and review of racial and ethnic differences in traumatic brain injury prevalence and incidence.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Pooled it
- Trends in pediatric traumatic brain injury-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2024: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Medical Claim Costs of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy in the United States.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2026Article
- Association of injury-related mortality with unique domains of social determinants of health across the urban-rural continuum.Surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Differences in Inpatient Total Costs in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Analysis from a Romanian Tertiary Care Center.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Systems-based care of the injured child: Technical report.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2025Article
- Child and neighborhood factors associated with pediatric injuries sustained while engaged in activities where helmet usage is recommended.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Mortality trends of traumatic brain injuries in the adult population of the United States: a CDC WONDER analysis from 1999 to 2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Risk reduction after bicycle, scooter, and skateboard-related head injuries through helmet use and brain injury education: A trauma center quality improvement initiative.Brain & spine · 2025Article
- Parent-identified intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence performance across developmental domains and participation in their communities.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Comparison of Machine Learning Models in Predicting Mental Health Sequelae Following Concussion in Youth.AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science · 2025Article
- Advances in Neurorehabilitation: Strategies and Outcomes for Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery.Cureus · 2024Review
- Current state of neuroprotective therapy using antibiotics in human traumatic brain injury and animal models.BMC neuroscience · 2024Review
- Modeling healthcare demands and long-term costs following pediatric traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Establishing an imaging protocol for pediatric trauma in a rural hospital.Surgery in practice and science · 2023Article
- Racial, Gender, and Neighborhood-Level Disparities in Pediatric Trauma Care.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Update on Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rural and Underserved Regions: A Global Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Area-Level Socioeconomic Inequalities in Intracranial Injury-Related Hospitalization in Korea: A Retrospective Analysis of Data From Korea National Hospital Discharge Survey 2008-2015.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a primary cause of pediatric morbidity. The improved characterization of healthcare disparities for pediatric TBI in United States (U.S.) rural communities is needed to advance care.
methodsThe PubMed database was queried using keywords (("brain/head trauma" OR "brain/head injury") AND "rural/underserved" AND "pediatric/child"). All qualifying articles focusing on rural pediatric TBI, including the subtopics epidemiology (
resultsRural pediatric TBIs were more likely to have increased trauma and head injury severity, with higher-velocity mechanisms (e.g., motor vehicle collisions). Rural patients were at risk of delays in care due to protracted transport times, inclement weather, and mis-triage to non-trauma centers. They were also more likely than urban patients to be unnecessarily transferred to another hospital, incurring greater costs. In general, rural centers had decreased access to mental health and/or specialist care, while the average healthcare costs were greater. Prevention efforts, such as mandating bicycle helmet use through education by the police department, showed improved compliance in children aged 5-12 years.
conclusionsU.S. rural pediatric patients are at higher risk of dangerous injury mechanisms, trauma severity, and TBI severity compared to urban. The barriers to care include protracted transport times, transfer to less-resourced centers, increased healthcare costs, missing data, and decreased access to mental health and/or specialty care during hospitalization and follow-up. Preventative efforts can be successful and will require an improved multidisciplinary awareness and education.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.