ArticleGeriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)2020
A New Simple Screening Tool-4QT: Can It Identify Those with Swallowing Problems? A Pilot Study.
Article in Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia in older persons: a systematic review.European geriatric medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Development of a Screening Intervention for Dysphagia in Hospitalised Geriatric Patients.Dysphagia · 2025Article
- Occurrence of impaired swallowing ability and change over a year in older adults living in nursing homes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- What Combination of Generic Bedside Screening Tools Is Optimal to Capture Patients with Penetration/Aspiration Due to Dysphagia? Comparing Single Bedside Tools Versus Combinations of Tools for Sensitivity and Specificity.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ibrutinib oral suspension bioavailability and compatibility for optimal enteral administration route.Therapeutic advances in hematology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a screening model for dysphagia in the elderly based on acoustic features.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Dysphagia and Risk of Malnutrition in Elderly Living in Nursing Homes.Dysphagia · 2024Article
- Long-term effects on swallowing and laryngeal function after treatment for severe COVID-19 disease in intensive care.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Combined systematic screening for malnutrition and dysphagia in hospitalized older adults: a scoping review.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Convergent and discriminant validity of the Minimal Eating Observation Form - version II: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Developing strategies "SATIA": How to manage dysphagia in older people? A Delphi panel consensus.Nursing open · 2023Review
- Chin tuck against resistance exercise with feedback to improve swallowing, eating and drinking in frail older people admitted to hospital with pneumonia: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2022Article
- Swallowing Function in COVID-19 Patients After Invasive Mechanical Ventilation.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2022Article
- Research progress in the risk factors and screening assessment of dysphagia in the elderly.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Systematic Dysphagia Screening of Elderly Persons in the Emergency Department-A Feasibility Study.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Inter-Relationships between Frailty, Sarcopenia, Undernutrition and Dysphagia in Older People Who Are Admitted to Acute Frailty and Medical Wards: Is There an Older Adult Quartet?Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Optimising Medicines Administration for Patients with Dysphagia in Hospital: Medical or Nursing Responsibility?Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As people and the population age, the prevalence of swallowing problems (dysphagia) increases. The screening for dysphagia is considered good practice in stroke care, yet is not routinely undertaken in the management of frail older adults. A short swallow screen, the 4QT, was developed following a review of the literature. The screen has four questions relating to swallowing that can be asked by a member of the health care team. A convenience sample of 48 older frail patients on an acute frailty ward was recruited into a Quality Improvement project. Their swallow was screened using the EAT-10 and 4QT. A speech and language therapist assessed for the presence of dysphagia using a standardised assessment for dysphagia. The 4QT was as effective as the EAT-10 in identifying older frail adults with potential swallowing problems (Κ = 0.73). The 4QT has 100% sensitivity, 80.4% specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) 50%, negative predictive value (NPV) 100%. The 4QT is a highly sensitive but not specific swallow screen, only 50% of people reporting swallowing problems were confirmed to have a degree of dysphagia by the SLT. The 4QT is a simple screening tool that could be used by all staff, but requires further research/evaluation before it is widely accepted into clinical practice.
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