ArticleCancers2020
Association of Cholecystectomy with the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Gallstones.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cholelithiasis increased prostate cancer risk: evidence from a case-control study and a meta-analysis.BMC urology · 2022Pooled it
- The modified cardiometabolic index is associated with gallstones in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- Increased diagnosis of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer after cholecystectomy: a population-based study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Kidney and gallbladder stones and the risk of prostate cancer: Results from the EPICAP study.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the association of cholecystectomy with the risk of prostate cancer in patients with gallstones.
methodsThis nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted by retrieving the Longitudinal Health Insurance Research Database (LHID2000) for inpatient claims in the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) program. The study cohort consisted of 72,606 men aged 20 years with gallstones undergoing cholecystectomy between 2000 and 2010. The control cohort consisted of the men with gallstones, but without cholecystectomy, by 1:1 propensity score matching with the study cohort based on age, sex, urbanization, occupation, comorbidities, and the index date. We compared the hazard ratio of prostate cancer between both of the cohorts.
resultsThe incidence of prostate cancer was 0.76/1000 person-years for the non-cholecystectomy cohort and 1.28/1000 person-years for the cholecystectomy cohort [aHR (adjusted hazard ratio) = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI = 1.45-1.92), respectively (p < 0.001). When compared with the non-cholecystectomy cohort, the hazard ratio of prostate cancer for the cholecystectomy cohort was 1.49-fold greater (95% CI = 1.04-2.11) for follow-up ≤ 1 year, 1.52-fold greater (95% CI = 1.24-1.86) for follow-up 1-5 years, and 1.99-fold greater (95% CI = 1.56-2.53) for follow-up > 5 years, respectively.
conclusionsCholecystectomy is associated with an increased hazard ratio of prostate cancer in gallstones patients, and the risk increases with an incremental period of follow-up. This observational study cannot ascertain the detrimental mechanisms of cholecystectomy for the development of prostate cancer, and cholecystectomy is not recommended for the prevention of prostate cancer based on our study.
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