ArticlePloS one2020
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease mutations for drug-resistance detection among treatment-experienced and naïve HIV-infected individuals.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Influence of Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations on Immune Reconstruction in Patients Treated With Antiretroviral Drugs - an Observational Cohort Study.
Presence of HIV-1 DRMs As a Risk Factor of Failure of Two Drugs Based ART Regimens, Including LAI ART, in Cohorts of Primary and Secondary DRMs.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- What leads to treatment failure among people living with HIV: first systematic review from the middle east and North Africa.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating HIV drug resistance in the middle East and North Africa and its associated factors: a systematic review.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of acquired and transmitted HIV drug resistance in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The Epidemiology of HIV-1 Resistance to Two-Drug Regimens in Multicenter Cohort From Poland-A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thiazole/Thiazolidinones Multitarget Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Molecules.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- No Association Between HIV-1 Subtype and Primary Resistance Mutations with CD4 Reconstitution During Effective Antiretroviral Treatment: An Observational, Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- HIV-1 reverse transcriptase subtyping revealed CRF35-AD as a current subtype in the northeast of Iran.Molecular biology research communications · 2025Article
- Changes in Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance Due to War Migration from Eastern Europe.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Iranian Treatment-experienced Individuals.Current HIV research · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of Intracellular Communication in Cancer and Pathogen Spreading.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Article
- Proposal of pharmacophore model for HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Combined mutational effect analysis, molecular dynamics, molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling study.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe presence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) against antiretroviral agents is one of the main concerns in the clinical management of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, especially in regions of the world where treatment options are limited. The current study aimed at assessing the prevalence of HIV-1 DRMs among naïve and treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients in Iran.
methodsFrom April 2013 to September 2018, the HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase genes were amplified and sequenced in plasma specimens of 60 newly diagnosed antiretroviral-naive individuals and 46 participants receiving antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) for at least six months with an HIV viral load of more than 1000 IU/mL to determine the HIV-1 DRMs and subtypes.
resultsAmong the 60 treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected participants, 8.3% were infected with HIV-1 variants with surveillance DRMs (SDRMs). The SDRMs, D67N and D67E, belonged to the NRTIs class in two patients and K103N and V106A belonged to the NNRTIs class in three patients. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 91.7% of the subjects were infected with subtype CRF35_AD, followed by subtype B (5.0%) and CRF01_AE (3.3%). Among the 46 ART-experienced participants, 33 (71.7%) carried HIV-1 variants with SDRMs (9.1% against PIs, 78.8% against NRTIs, and 100% against NNRTIs). M46I and I47V were the most common mutations for PIs, M184V was the most common mutation for the NRTIs, and K103N/S was the most common mutation for NNRTIs. Phylogenetic analysis of the polymerase region showed that all of the 46 HIV-1-infected patients who failed on ART carried CRF35_AD.
conclusionsThe moderate prevalence of SDRMs (8.3%) in treatment-naïve and ART-failed (77.1%) Iranian patients with HIV-1-infection emphasizes the need for systematic viral load monitoring, expanding drug resistance testing, carefully surveilling individuals on ART regimens, and facilitating access to new antiretrovirals by health authorities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.