ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2020
Reconstruction of Large Skeletal Defects: Current Clinical Therapeutic Strategies and Future Directions Using 3D Printing.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tibial bone transport using external fixation in adults: a systematic review.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Patient-specific implants for joint-sparing reconstruction of segmental tibial and femoral defects : systematic literature review and introduction of a classification framework.Bone & joint research · 2026Pooled it
- L-leucine-incorporated 3D-printed SilMA hydrogel scaffolds promote calvarial defect repair with PLOD2-associated collagen remodeling.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Hydrogel Implementing Drug Delivery in Cranial Bone Tissue Engineering.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Regional diversity of cranial skeletal stem cells governs bone morphogenetic protein-2 mediated bone regeneration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- 2D MoSNano convergence · 2026Article
- Biomechanical Response Analysis of Scaffold Implantation in Mandibular Defects and Research on Scaffold Selection.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Patient-specific Ti-6Al-4V lattice implants for critical-sized, weightbearing limb reconstruction: average 45-month surgical, oncological, and functional follow-up.Bone & joint open · 2026Article
- Advanced multifunctional thermo- and electro-stimulative hydrogels for bone regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A case report of autogenous bone grafting using fibula regenerated from beta-tricalcium phosphate for a bone tumor: application of the in vivo bioreactor principle.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- 3D-Printed Titanium Implants with Bioactive Peptide-Polysaccharide Scaffolds for Personalized Bone Reconstruction.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- 4D Printing in Regenerative Medicine: Bio-Inspired Applications for Dynamic Tissue Repair.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Osteoimmunity-Regulating biospun 3D silk scaffold for bone regeneration in critical-size defects.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Piezoelectric scaffolds for bone regeneration: a systematic review of preclinical studies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Downregulation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 Contributes to Impaired Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells during in vitro Expansion.Cells, tissues, organs · 2026Article
- Modulating the crystallinity of biphasic calcium phosphate composites balances surface and ionic cues to enhance osteogenesis via integrin-mediated cytoskeletal signaling.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Engineering bone tissue with mRNA: from molecular design and delivery to clinical applications.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring In Vitro Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteodifferentiation via Vibrational Microspectroscopy: A Review.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
- Global Research Trends and Hotspots in Fracture Nonunion and Delayed Union: A 2-Decade Bibliometric Analysis.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Preliminary Preclinical Evaluation of Innovative Bone Scaffolds Composed of Natural Sources-Whey Protein Isolate and Pearl Powder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The healing of bone fractures is a well-orchestrated physiological process involving multiple cell types and signaling molecules interacting at the fracture site to replace and repair bone tissue without scar formation. However, when the lesion is too large, normal healing is compromised. These so-called non-union bone fractures, mostly arising due to trauma, tumor resection or disease, represent a major therapeutic challenge for orthopedic and reconstructive surgeons. In this review, we firstly present the current commonly employed surgical strategies comprising auto-, allo-, and xenograft transplantations, as well as synthetic biomaterials. Further to this, we discuss the multiple factors influencing the effectiveness of the reconstructive therapy. One essential parameter is adequate vascularization that ensures the vitality of the bone grafts thereby supporting the regeneration process, however deficient vascularization presents a frequently encountered problem in current management strategies. To address this challenge, vascularized bone grafts, including free or pedicled fibula flaps, or
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.