ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Macrophages/Microglia Represent the Major Source of Indolamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression in Melanoma Metastases of the Brain.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative analysis of myeloid cell patterns and immunosuppressive enzyme (IDO, ARG1) expression in colorectal cancer pulmonary metastases and corresponding primary tumours.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Metabolic adaptations of brain metastasis.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Identification and characterization of tertiary lymphoid structures in brain metastases.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1-mediated immune suppressive status is positively associated with brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2025Article
- The immune landscape in brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Differential T cell accumulation within intracranial and subcutaneous melanomas is associated with differences in intratumoral myeloid cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Systems immunology insights into brain metastasis.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- Neuroactive Kynurenines as Pharmacological Targets: New Experimental Tools and Exciting Therapeutic Opportunities.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Understanding glioblastoma stromal barriers against NK cell attack using tri-culture 3D spheroid model.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The Role of Microglia in Brain Metastases: Mechanisms and Strategies.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Differential requirements for CD4+ T cells in the efficacy of the anti-PD-1+LAG-3 and anti-PD-1+CTLA-4 combinations in melanoma flank and brain metastasis models.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in breast cancer: updates on clinical research and trials.British journal of cancer · 2023Review
- IDO1 is highly expressed in macrophages of patients in advanced tumour stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for successful immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Review
- Immunosuppressive cells in oncolytic virotherapy for glioma: challenges and solutions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Endothelial Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase-1 is not Critically Involved in Regulating Antitumor Immunity in the Central Nervous System.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2023Article
- Immune related biomarkers for cancer metastasis to the brain.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Heat shock protein 40 of Streptococcus pneumoniae induces immune response of human dendritic cells via TLR4-dependent p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
- Microglia and metastases to the central nervous system: victim, ravager, or something else?Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Review
- Melanoma Brain Metastases: An Update on the Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Molecularly Targeted Agents.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The manifestation of brain metastases in patients with advanced melanoma is a common event that limits patient's survival and quality of life. The immunosuppressive properties of the brain parenchyma are very different compared to the rest of the body, making it plausible that the current success of cancer immunotherapies is specifically limited here. In melanoma brain metastases, the reciprocal interplay between immunosuppressive mediators such as indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the context of neoplastic transformation are far from being understood. Therefore, we analyzed the immunoreactive infiltrate (CD45, CD3, CD8, Forkhead box P3 [FoxP3], CD11c, CD23, CD123, CD68, Allograft Inflammatory factor 1[AIF-1]) and PD-L1 with respect to IDO expression and localization in melanoma brain metastases but also in matched metastases at extracranial sites to correlate intra- and interpatient data with therapy response and survival. Comparative tissue analysis identified macrophages/microglia as the major source of IDO expression in melanoma brain metastases. In contrast to the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, melanoma cells
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.