ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Citrullination Alters the Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activities of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 During Rhinovirus Infection.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of the PADI family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancers: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Targeting peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication and modulates the inflammatory response.iScience · 2026Article
- LL-37 and citrullinated-LL-37 enhances oxylipins: citrullination attenuates LL-37-mediated COX-2-dependent chemokine response in human bronchial epithelial cells.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Roles of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) and protein citrullination in viral infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- LL-37 and citrullinated-LL-37 modulate IL-17A/F-mediated responses and selectively suppress Lipocalin-2 in bronchial epithelial cells.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Article
- Immune Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D on Herpesvirus Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Brain-Region-Specific Differences in Protein Citrullination/Deimination in a Pre-Motor Parkinson's Disease Rat Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Targeting Peptidylarginine Deiminase 3 to Efficiently Suppress Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- PAD-mediated citrullination is a novel candidate diagnostic marker and druggable target for HPV-associated cervical cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Citrullination profile analysis reveals peptidylarginine deaminase 3 as an HSV-1 target to dampen the activity of candidate antiviral restriction factors.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Antiviral Peptides in Antimicrobial Surface Coatings-From Current Techniques to Potential Applications.Viruses · 2023Review
- A Scoping Analysis of Cathelicidin in Response to Organic Dust Exposure and Related Chronic Lung Illnesses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Microbial pathways to subvert host immunity generate citrullinated neoantigens targeted in rheumatoid arthritis.Current opinion in structural biology · 2022Review
- Novel antiviral activity of PAD inhibitors against human beta-coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2.Antiviral research · 2022Article
- Upregulating Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Expression May Prevent Severe COVID-19 Inflammatory Responses and Reduce Microthrombosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Emerging Advances of Nanotechnology in Drug and Vaccine Delivery against Viral Associated Respiratory Infectious Diseases (VARID).International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Human cytomegalovirus-induced host protein citrullination is crucial for viral replication.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Plasma and Plasma EVs of Reindeer (Biology · 2021Article
- Leveraging orthogonal mass spectrometry based strategies for comprehensive sequencing and characterization of ribosomal antimicrobial peptide natural products.Natural product reports · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are the most common cause of viral respiratory tract infections. While normally mild and self-limiting in healthy adults, HRV infections are associated with bronchiolitis in infants, pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, and exacerbations of asthma and COPD. The human cathelicidin LL-37 is a host defense peptide (HDP) with broad immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities that has direct antiviral effects against HRV. However, LL-37 is known to be susceptible to the enzymatic activity of peptidyl arginine deiminases (PAD), and exposure of the peptide to these enzymes results in the conversion of positively charged arginines to neutral citrullines (citrullination). Here, we demonstrate that citrullination of LL-37 reduced its direct antiviral activity against HRV. Furthermore, while the anti-rhinovirus activity of LL-37 results in dampened epithelial cell inflammatory responses, citrullination of the peptide, and a loss in antiviral activity, ameliorates this effect. This study also demonstrates that HRV infection upregulates PAD2 protein expression, and increases levels of protein citrullination, including histone H3, in human bronchial epithelial cells. Increased
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.