ArticleFrontiers in physiology2020
Pacing, Exercise Intensity, and Technique by Performance Level in Long-Distance Cross-Country Skiing.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiological responses and cycle characteristics during double-poling versus diagonal-stride roller-skiing in junior cross-country skiers.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Prolonging the Warm-Up Effect by Using Additional Respiratory Dead Space Volume After the Cessation of Warm-Up Exercise.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Associations Between Physiological Determinants and GNSS-Derived Technical Characteristics in Cross-Country Roller Skiing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- How does pole length affect lower back muscle activity at different inclines and skiing intensities during double poling?Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- The Effect of Four-Month Training on Biochemical Variables in Amateur Cross-Country Skiers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Physiological responses and performance factors for double-poling and diagonal-stride treadmill roller-skiing time-trial exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Article
- Performance and Micro-Pacing Strategies in a Freestyle Cross-Country Skiing Distance Race.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Relationships Between Maximal Aerobic Speed, Lactate Threshold, and Double Poling Velocity at Lactate Threshold in Cross-Country Skiers.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- A Comparison of Double Poling Physiology and Kinematics Between Long-Distance and All-Round Cross-Country Skiers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Muscle Specific Analysis of Intensity and Fatigue during Cross-Country Skiing Competition-A Case Report.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Exercise Intensity during Olympic-Distance Triathlon in Well-Trained Age-Group Athletes: An Observational Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Physiological and Biomechanical Determinants of Sprint Ability Following Variable Intensity Exercise When Roller Ski Skating.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- The Training Characteristics of World-Class Male Long-Distance Cross-Country Skiers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular Adaptations to Four Months Training in Middle-Aged Amateur Long-Distance Skiers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Ski Skating Race Technique-Effect of Long Distance Cross-Country Ski Racing on Choice of Skating Technique in Moderate Uphill Terrain.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionLong-distance cross-country skiing (XCS) has gained increased popularity within the past decades. However, research about long-distance XCS is limited; therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the intensity distribution, technique application, and pacing strategies during long-distance XCS racing.
methodsHeart rate (HR) and section skiing speeds of 9 elite (ranked 1-100) and 10 amateur skiers (ranked 101-1,500) during the 90-km Vasaloppet race were collected. In addition, during the first uphill, the first 1,000 skiers were video-recorded to analyze the applied skiing strategy (e.g. grip-waxed skis versus exclusive double poling).
resultsMean race intensity was 82% of maximal HR and was not different between performance groups even though elite skiers skied ∼15% faster than amateurs. There was an interaction effect of section × group with a pronounced decrease in HR in amateurs compared with more even pacing in elite skiers (0.13 vs. 0.04% decrease/km) and skiing at higher percentage in the high-intensity zones in elite compared with amateurs (46 vs. 24%). Ninety-eight percent of the top 100 skiers and 59% of the first 1,000 skiers used exclusively double poling.
conclusionElite and amateur skiers ski at comparable mean race exercise intensity, but they have clear differences in skiing speed. The difference in the pacing profiles between elite and amateur skiers (more even vs. distinct positive pacing) demonstrate the greater capacity of the former with respect to physiological capacity and highlights that amateurs seem to start too fast according to their capacities. The exclusive application of the double poling technique is no longer a phenomenon of elite skiers but is widely used among the top 1,000 ranked skiers.
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