Trial reportBMJ open2020
Neonatal BCG vaccination and child survival in TB-exposed and TB-unexposed children: a prospective cohort study.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04658680 (Can BCG Vaccination at First Health-facility Contact Reduce Early Infant Mortality? A Cluster Randomised Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Can BCG Vaccination at First Health-facility Contact Reduce Early Infant Mortality? A Cluster Randomised Trial
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interleukin-38 is a negative regulator of trained immunity-A retrospective multi-omics study.iScience · 2025Article
- Bacille Calmette-Guérin-specific IgG titres among infants born to mothers with active tuberculosis disease in Uganda.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Determinants of Neonatal Mortality at a Referral Paediatric Hospital in Angola: A Case-Control Study Using Theoretical Frameworks.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Do Pentavalent (DTwP-Hib-HBV) vaccines have sex-differential nonspecific effects? An observational study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Observational
- The spectrum of tuberculosis described as differential DNA methylation patterns in alveolar macrophages and alveolar T cells.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Article
- Article
- Review of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the Aftermath of COVID-19.Clinics and practice · 2022Review
- A place for neutrophils in the beneficial pathogen-agnostic effects of the BCG vaccine.Vaccine · 2022Article
- COVID-19 vaccine development based on recombinant viral and bacterial vector systems: combinatorial effect of adaptive and trained immunity.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Review
- A narrative review of nonspecific effects of pediatric vaccines on child mortality and morbidity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
- Article
- Stronger induction of trained immunity by mucosal BCG or MTBVAC vaccination compared to standard intradermal vaccination.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Article
- Postneonatal under-5 mortality in peri-urban and rural Eastern Uganda, 2005-2015.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- On the relationship between BCG coverage and national COVID-19 outcome: could 'heterologous' herd immunity explain why some countries are better off?Journal of internal medicine · 2020Article
- Lessons from Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: Harnessing Trained Immunity for Vaccine Development.Cells · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the association between neonatal BCG vaccination and mortality between 28 days and 3 years of age among tuberculosis (TB)-exposed and TB-unexposed children.
designProspective cohort study.
settingBandim Health Project runs an urban Health and Demographic Surveillance site in Guinea-Bissau with registration of mortality, vaccination status and TB cases.
participantsChildren entered the analysis when their vaccination card was inspected after 28 days of age and remained under surveillance to 3 years of age. Children residing in the same house as a TB case were classified as TB-exposed from 3 months prior to case registration to the end of follow-up.
methodsUsing Cox-proportional hazards models with age as underlying time scale, we compared mortality of children with and without neonatal BCG between October 2003 and September 2017.
main outcome measureHR for neonatal BCG compared with no neonatal BCG by TB-exposure status.
resultsAmong the 39 421 children who entered the analyses, 3022 (8%) had observation time as TB-exposed. In total, 84% of children received neonatal BCG. Children with neonatal BCG had lower mortality both in TB-exposed (adjusted HR: 0.57 (0.26 to 1.27)) and in TB-unexposed children (HR: 0.57 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.69)) than children without neonatal BCG. Children exposed to TB had higher mortality than TB-unexposed children if they had not received neonatal BCG.
conclusionNeonatal BCG vaccination was associated with lower mortality among both TB-exposed and TB-unexposed children, consistent with neonatal BCG vaccination having beneficial non-specific effects. Interventions to increase timely BCG vaccination are urgently warranted.
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