Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32114471›Full record

Observational studyBMJ open2020

Risk of diabetic foot ulcer and its associated factors among Bangladeshi subjects: a multicentric cross-sectional study.

Palash Chandra Banik, Lingkan Barua, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Rajib Mondal, Farhana Zaman, Liaquat Ali

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05739214 (The Effect of Combined Red and Infrared Lasers on Histopathology Collagen Formation in Diabetic Foot Ulcer), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05739214 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Combined Red and Infrared Lasers on Histopathology Collagen Formation in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: a Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorCairo UniversityRan2022 to 2023Enrolled45ConditionsDiabetic Foot, Wound Heal, Collagen DiseasesArmslaser therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Palash Chandra BanikCommunity Medicine, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh palashcbanik@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-2395-9049
Lingkan BaruaNoncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-9281-3839
Mohammad MoniruzzamanCommunity Medicine, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0003-2144-7111
Rajib MondalNoncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Farhana ZamanCommunity Medicine, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Liaquat AliBiochemistry and Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh University · BDBangladesh University of Health Sciences · BD

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the risk of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and find out its associated factors among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) of Bangladesh. DESIGN, SETTING AND

participantsThis cross-sectional study recruited 1200 subjects with T2D who visited 16 centres of Health Care Development Project run by Diabetic Association of Bangladesh. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of DFU was assessed using a modified version of International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) Risk Classification System. The modified system was based on five parameters, namely peripheral neuropathy (PN), peripheral arterial diseases (PAD), deformity, ulcer history and amputation. The risks were categorised as group 0 (no PN, no PAD), group 1 (PN, no PAD and no deformity), group 2A (PN and deformity, no PAD), group 2B (PAD), group 3A (ulcer history) and group 3B (amputation). The associated factors of DFU risk were determined using multinomial logistic regression for each risk category separately.

resultsOverall, 44.5% of the subjects were found 'at risk' of DFU. This risk was higher among men (45.6%) than women and among those who lived in rural areas (45.5%) as compared with the urban population. According to IWGDF categories, the risk was distributed as 55.5%, 4.2%, 11.6%, 0.3%, 20.6% and 7.9% for group 0, group 1, group 2A, group 2B, group 3A and group 3B, respectively. The associated factors of DFU (OR >1) were age ≥50 years, rural area, low economic status, insulin use, history of trauma, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy.

conclusionA significant number of the subjects with T2D under study were at risk of DFU, which demands an effective screening programme to reduce DFU-related morbidity and mortality.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overBangladeshCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic FootFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsBangladeshdiabetes and endocrinologydiabetic footdiabetic foot ulcerdiabetic foot ulcer riskInternational Working Group on the Diabetic Foot

Identifiers

PMID32114471
PMCPMC7050319
OpenAlexW3009001486

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.