ArticleEBioMedicine2020
Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cells.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD9Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Human vaccine responses regulated by parallel cytokine pathways.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Screening for next generation vaccines in human immune organoids.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Review
- Bioengineering and omics approaches for Type 1 diabetes practical research: advancements and constraints.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Boosting human immunology: harnessing the potential of immune organoids.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Deciphering the Human Germinal Center: A Review of Models to Study T-B Cell Interactions.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Differentiating early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma from adenoidal hypertrophy via SLC40A1 expression and developing a prognostic model for disease progression.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Modeling memory B cell responses in a lymphoid organ-chip to evaluate mRNA vaccine boosting.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Activation-neutral gene editing of tonsillar CD4 T cells for functional studies in human ex vivo tonsil cultures.Cell reports methods · 2024Article
- Effect of DMARDs on the immunogenicity of vaccines.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Naive and memory CD4iScience · 2022Article
- 3D Tissue Explant and Single-Cell Suspension Organoid Culture Systems for Ex Vivo Drug Testing on Human Tonsil-Derived T Follicular Helper Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Bridging the B Cell Gap: Novel Technologies to Study Antigen-Specific Human B Cell Responses.Vaccines · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman immunology research is often limited to peripheral blood. However, there are important differences between blood immune cells and their counterparts residing in secondary lymphoid organs, such as in the case of germinal center (GC) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and GC B cells.
methodsWe developed a versatile ex vivo lymphoid organ culture platform that is based on human pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and allows for drug testing. We systematically phenotyped Tfh and GC B cell subsets in explant- and suspension cultures using multicolor flow cytometry and cytokine multiplex analysis.
findingsPhenotypic changes of certain ex vivo cultured immune cell subsets could be modulated by cytokine addition. Furthermore, we optimized an activation-induced marker assay to evaluate the response to T cell stimulation. We provide proof-of-concept that Tfh and GC B cells could be modulated in these cultures by different anti-inflammatory drugs in unstimulated states and upon activation with vaccine-derived antigens. For example, GC B cells were lost upon CD40L blockade, and clinically approved JAK inhibitors impacted Tfh and GC B cells, including down-regulation of their key transcription factor BCL6. BCL6 regulation was affected by IL-6 signaling in T cells and IL-4 in B cells, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that JAK signaling and TNF signaling contributed to the stimulation-induced activation of tonsil-derived T cells.
interpretationOur optimized methods, assays, and mechanistic findings can contribute to a better understanding of human GC responses. These insights may be relevant for improving autoimmune disease therapy and vaccination efficacy.
fundingThis work was supported by a project grant under the joint research cooperation agreement of LMU Munich, LMU University Hospital, and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, as well as by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Emmy Noether Programme BA 5132/1-1 and BA 5132/1-2 (252623821), SFB 1054 Project B12 (210592381), and SFB 914 Project B03 (165054336).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.