ReviewJournal of neuro-oncology2021
Blood-brain barrier opening with low intensity pulsed ultrasound for immune modulation and immune therapeutic delivery to CNS tumors.
Review in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05864534 (A Phase 2a Trial of Immune Modulation in Combination With Ultrasound-mediated Blood Brain Barrier Opening in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 2a Trial of Immune Modulation in Combination With Ultrasound-mediated Blood Brain Barrier Opening in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic modulation of the blood-brain barrier in brain tumors: a systematic review of clinical and translational approaches.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Localized blood-brain barrier opening in infiltrating gliomas with MRI-guided acoustic emissions-controlled focused ultrasound.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Trial
- Therapeutic Potential of Heparin/Digoxin Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles: Modulation of Arrhythmias and Neuroinflammation Using Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on in Vitro and in Vivo Efficacy.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Bridging the blood-brain barrier: strategies to improve delivery of biologics to tumors in the brain.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- From Ablation to Neuromodulation Platform: The Evolving Role of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound in Functional Neurosurgery.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- CAR-T cells immunotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- Advances and innovations in ultrasound-based tumor management: current applications and emerging directions.The ultrasound journal · 2025Review
- Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound irradiation ameliorates gut inflammation and neuroinflammation in mice with DSS-induced colitis.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Synergistic Therapeutic Platform Combining Transcranial Low-Intensity Ultrasound Stimulation and Curcumin Load Liposome Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia by Modulating Microglia Polarization-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Microenvironment.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Targeted therapy in pediatric central nervous system tumors: a review from the National Pediatric Cancer Foundation.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Ultrasound-assisted immunotherapy for malignant tumour.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Innovative Approaches to Brain Cancer: The Use of Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound in Glioma Therapy.Cancers · 2024Review
- Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound: A Physical Stimulus with Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory Potential.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- Ultrasound‑targeted microbubble destruction technology delivering β‑klotho to the heart enhances FGF21 sensitivity and attenuates heart remodeling post‑myocardial infarction.International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances immunomodulation and facilitates osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.Cell and tissue banking · 2023Article
- A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Ultrasound-assisted brain delivery of nanomedicines for brain tumor therapy: advance and prospect.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Advances in brain barriers and brain fluids research in 2021: great progress in a time of adversity.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Article
- Neuroinflammation associated with ultrasound-mediated permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier.Trends in neurosciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOpening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by pulsed low intensity ultrasound has been developed during the last decade and is now recognized as a safe technique to transiently and repeatedly open the BBB. This non- or minimally invasive technique allows for a targeted and uniform dispersal of a wide range of therapeutic substances throughout the brain, including immune cells and antibodies.
methodsIn this review article, we summarize pre-clinical studies that have used BBB-opening by pulsed low intensity ultrasound to enhance the delivery of immune therapeutics and effector cell populations, as well as several recent clinical studies that have been initiated. Based on this analysis, we propose immune therapeutic strategies that are most likely to benefit from this strategy. The literature review and trial data research were performed using Medline/Pubmed databases and clinical trial registry www.clinicaltrials.gov . The reference lists of all included articles were searched for additional studies.
resultsA wide range of immune therapeutic agents, including small molecular weight drugs, antibodies or NK cells, have been safely and efficiently delivered to the brain with pulsed low intensity ultrasound in preclinical models, and both tumor control and increased survival have been demonstrated in different types of brain tumor models in rodents. Ultrasound-induced BBB disruption may also stimulate innate and cellular immune responses.
conclusionsUltrasound BBB opening has just recently entered clinical trials with encouraging results, and the association of this strategy with immune therapeutics creates a new field of brain tumor treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.