SynthesisJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2020
Outcome measurement in functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and recommendations.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Probing the Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback as an Innovative and Non-invasive Treatment for Functional Neurological Disorders Guided by a Multimodal Approach of Autonomic Nervous System.
Impact of Theta Burst Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Patient's Self-reported Improvement in Their Motor Functional Neurological Disorder
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of assessment instruments measuring outcomes in psychological interventions for pediatric functional neurological disorders.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes and economic impact of a digital telemedicine intervention in patients with functional motor disorders: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Randomised feasibility study evaluating eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for functional neurological disorder (MODIFI).Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Nocebo Hypothesis Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Motor Type): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Trial
- Combined Physiotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Functional Movement Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA neurology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Investigating mechanisms and monitoring outcomes in functional neurological disorder: the unrealized potential of digital remote monitoring technologies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Unmet needs in functional neurological disorder related to digital healthcare.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Neurofeedback for functional neurological disorders: future directions for research and clinical practice.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorders.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Baseline blink reflex R2 changes correlate with affective and interoceptive domains in functional movement disorders.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Somatic yoga therapy for functional neurological disorder: feasibility randomised controlled trial.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Validating the ADFSCI hypotension symptom domain as a scalable patient reported outcome measure in spinal cord injury.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Disability, distress and delayed access to care in functional neurological disorder: cross-sectional study from an Australian tertiary clinic.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Pain-related disability in functional neurological disorder (FND): the role of pain intensity and psychological factors.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Multicentre validation of a patient-reported outcome measure for functional movement disorders.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Functional Connectivity Predictors and Mechanisms of Symptom Change in Functional Neurological Disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The Novel Use of Robot-Assisted Gait Training in the Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorder: A Case Report.Case reports in neurological medicine · 2026Article
- The effectiveness of specialist cognitive behavioural therapy for functional neurological disorder: a service evaluation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Patients' perspectives on healthcare factors and symptom course in persistent somatic symptoms: findings from a cross-sectional survey in four European countries.BMJ public health · 2026Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
46 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe aimed to identify existing outcome measures for functional neurological disorder (FND), to inform the development of recommendations and to guide future research on FND outcomes.
methodsA systematic review was conducted to identify existing FND-specific outcome measures and the most common measurement domains and measures in previous treatment studies. Searches of Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were conducted between January 1965 and June 2019. The findings were discussed during two international meetings of the FND-Core Outcome Measures group.
resultsFive FND-specific measures were identified-three clinician-rated and two patient-rated-but their measurement properties have not been rigorously evaluated. No single measure was identified for use across the range of FND symptoms in adults. Across randomised controlled trials (k=40) and observational treatment studies (k=40), outcome measures most often assessed core FND symptom change. Other domains measured commonly were additional physical and psychological symptoms, life impact (ie, quality of life, disability and general functioning) and health economics/cost-utility (eg, healthcare resource use and quality-adjusted life years).
conclusionsThere are few well-validated FND-specific outcome measures. Thus, at present, we recommend that existing outcome measures, known to be reliable, valid and responsive in FND or closely related populations, are used to capture key outcome domains. Increased consistency in outcome measurement will facilitate comparison of treatment effects across FND symptom types and treatment modalities. Future work needs to more rigorously validate outcome measures used in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.