ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Autoantigen Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes: Unsolved Questions on How to Select Autoantigen and Administration Route.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redosing with Intralymphatic GAD-Alum in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: The DIAGNODE-B Pilot Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- First-in-human, double-blind, randomized phase 1b study of peptide immunotherapy IMCY-0098 in new-onset type 1 diabetes.BMC medicine · 2023Trial
- Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Background, Safety and Feasibility of an Ongoing Pilot Study With Intra-Lymphatic Injections of GAD-Alum and Oral Vitamin D.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Intralymphatic Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase With Vitamin D Supplementation in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase IIb Trial.Diabetes care · 2021Trial
- Modulating immune response for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- New Perspectives in Studying Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Therapy concepts in type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment: disease modifying versus curative approaches.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Advances in Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Type 1 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Immunomodulating Hydrogels as Stealth Platform for Drug Delivery Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Preclinical evaluation of a precision medicine approach to DNA vaccination in type 1 diabetes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- The Impact of Intestinal Microorganisms and Their Metabolites on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Review
- Safety of the use of gold nanoparticles conjugated with proinsulin peptide and administered by hollow microneedles as an immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes.Immunotherapy advances · 2022Article
- Soluble Antigen Arrays Efficiently Deliver Peptides and Arrest Spontaneous Autoimmune Diabetes.Diabetes · 2021Article
- Intralymphatic GAD-alum Injection Modulates B Cell Response and Induces Follicular Helper T Cells and PD-1+ CD8+ T Cells in Patients With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Combined vitamin D, ibuprofen and glutamic acid decarboxylase-alum treatment in recent onset Type I diabetes: lessons from the DIABGAD randomized pilot trial.Future science OA · 2020Article
- Linking autoantigen properties to mechanisms of immunity.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Autoantigen treatment has been tried for the prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to preserve residual beta-cell function in patients with a recent onset of the disease. In experimental animal models, efficacy was good, but was insufficient in human subjects. Besides the possible minor efficacy of peroral insulin in high-risk individuals to prevent T1D, autoantigen prevention trials have failed. Other studies on autoantigen prevention and intervention at diagnosis are ongoing. One problem is to select autoantigen/s; others are dose and route. Oral administration may be improved by using different vehicles. Proinsulin peptide therapy in patients with T1D has shown possible minor efficacy. In patients with newly diagnosed T1D, subcutaneous injection of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) bound to alum hydroxide (GAD-alum) can likely preserve beta-cell function, but the therapeutic effect needs to be improved. Intra-lymphatic administration may be a better alternative than subcutaneous administration, and combination therapy might improve efficacy. This review elucidates some actual problems of autoantigen therapy in the prevention and/or early intervention of type 1 diabetes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.