ArticleJournal of hepatocellular carcinoma2020
Experimental Study of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment by Shikonin Through Regulating PKM2.
Article in Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research trends on lactate in cancer: a bibliometric analysis and comprehensive review (2015-2024).Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Shared Major Metabolic Pathways and Potential Targeted Therapies in Malignancies and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Targeting Glycolytic Metabolism in Cancer Therapy: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.Cells · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming-driven resistance to multi-kinase inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Metabolic rewiring of the tumor microenvironment: therapeutic intervention of multi-pathway adaptations to impede cancer metastasis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Primary Liver Cancer: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Shikonin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Bridging Metabolic Disruption and Immunomodulation.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Review
- Review
- PKM2 knockout facilitates the activation of the AMPK/KLF4/ACADVL pathway, leading to increased oxidative degradation of fatty acids in TNBC.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- The impact of metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma on T cell.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting PKM2 in cancer therapeutics: mechanistic advances and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Preparation of RGD-modified liposomes encapsulated with shikonin and its targeted anti-melanoma effects.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Shikonin reduces M2 macrophage population in ovarian cancer by repressing exosome production and the exosomal galectin 3-mediated β-catenin activation.Journal of ovarian research · 2024Article
- [Liver cancer treatment with mitochondrial homeostasis].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Recent Advances on PKM2 Inhibitors and Activators in Cancer Applications.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Glycolysis in Chronic Liver Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cells · 2023Review
- Metabolism as a New Avenue for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Unveiling the veil of lactate in tumor-associated macrophages: a successful strategy for immunometabolic therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Natural products target glycolysis in liver disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Current trends and future prospects of drug repositioning in gastrointestinal oncology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveShikonin is a natural product with many activities, including anti-cancer effects. Pyruvate kinase type M2 (PKM2) plays a crucial role in the growth of tumor cells. However, the effect of shikonin on PKM2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear.
methodsCell viability, apoptosis level, glucose uptake, and lactate production were detected in HCC cells. Lentivirus-overexpressed and -shRNA of PKM2 were used to verify the key target of shikonin. A xenograft mouse model was used to detect the efficacy of shikonin and its combination with sorafenib in vivo.
resultsShikonin inhibited proliferation and glycolysis and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Either PKM2-overexpressed or PKM2-shRNA alleviated or enhanced this effect. The results of CCK-8 showed that shikonin significantly inhibited cell viability of HCC cells. The levels of glucose uptake and lactate production were dramatically decreased by shikonin-treated. Results of flow cytometry and Western blot showed that the levels of apoptosis of HCC cells were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner after shikonin treatment. In addition, shikonin enhanced the anti-cancer effect of sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that SK combined with sorafenib markedly inhibits tumor growth in HCC-transplanted nude mice compared to SK or sorafenib alone.
conclusionBy inhibiting PKM2, shikonin inhibited proliferation and glycolysis and induced cell apoptosis in HCC cells. The effect of shikonin on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and glycolsis will make it promising drug for HCC patients.
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