ArticleWestern Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR
High hepatitis C virus infection among female sex workers in Viet Nam: strong correlation with HIV and injection drug use.
Article in Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Dual Burden of Hepatitis B and C Among Drug Users in Asia: The First Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Gender differences in prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Evaluating effectiveness and comparative costs of hepatitis C virus self-testing service delivery models in Vietnam: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Alcohol use and associated risk factors among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B, C and D in Vietnam: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Joint effects of alcohol and stimulant use disorders on self-reported sexually transmitted infections in a prospective study of Cambodian female entertainment and sex workers.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2021Article
- Prevalence of hepatitis B/C viruses and associated factors in key groups attending a health services institution in Colombia, 2019.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe World Health Organization's guidelines on viral hepatitis testing and treatment recommend prioritizing high prevalence groups. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disproportionately affects people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men, but data on female sex workers (FSW) are limited. The study aimed to determine active HCV infection and risk factors associated with HCV exposure among Vietnamese FSW.
methodsWe surveyed 1886 women aged ≥ 18 years from Haiphong, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City who had sold sex in the last month. We tested for HCV antibody and HCV core antigen as markers for exposure to HCV and active infection, respectively.
resultsAcross these provinces, high prevalence of HCV exposure (8.8-30.4%) and active infection (3.6-22.1%) were observed. Significant associations with HCV exposure were HIV infection (aOR = 23.7; 95% CI: 14.8-37.9), injection drug use (aOR = 23.3; 95% CI: 13.1-41.4), history of compulsory detention (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4-4.2) and having more than 10 sex clients in the last month (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-3.2). Among FSW who reported never injecting drugs, HIV infection (aOR = 24.2; 95% CI: 14.8-39.4), a history of non-injection drug use (aOR = 3.3, CI: 1.8-5.7), compulsory detention (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-4.0) and having over 10 sex clients in the last month (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.7) were independently associated with HCV exposure. DISCUSSION: FSW have elevated HCV risks through sex- and drug-related pathways. These findings highlight the need to offer FSW-targeted HCV interventions and ensure their access to HIV prevention and treatment.
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