ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
A Review of Topical Cyclosporine A Formulations-A Disease-Modifying Agent for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca.
Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06392438 (Combination of 0.09% Cyclosporine and Intense Pulsed Light), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination of 0.09% Cyclosporine and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Symptomatic Contact Lens Wearers: a Sham-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled results from two pivotal randomized controlled clinical trials: ESSENCE-1 and ESSENCE-2 to assess efficacy and safety of a water-free ciclosporin 0.1% formulation for the treatment of dry eye disease.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Lithium carbonate-loaded polymeric nano-micelles for enhanced antitumor activity against NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumorsNanoscale advances · 2026Article
- Comparative study of the therapeutic effects of different medications on DM-associated dry eye syndrome after vitrectomy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment the Safety of CyclASol compared with Vehicle and Commercially Available 0.05% Cyclosporine in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy of 0.1% cyclosporine A in dry eye patients with inadequate responses to 0.05% cyclosporine A: a switching, prospective, open-label, multicenter study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The evolving role of ciclosporin in the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Nanomedicines for Dry Eye Syndrome: Targeting Oxidative Stress with Modern Nanomaterial Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- IRF1 regulation of ZBP1 links mitochondrial DNA and chondrocyte damage in osteoarthritis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Nanotechnology Lighting the Way for Gene Therapy in Ophthalmopathy: From Opportunities toward Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Topical tacrolimus nanocapsules eye drops for therapeutic effect enhancement in both anterior and posterior ocular inflammation models.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2021Article
- Combination of Nanomicellar Technology and In Situ Gelling Polymer as Ocular Drug Delivery System (ODDS) for Cyclosporine-A.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Remdesivir and Cyclosporine Synergistically Inhibit the Human Coronaviruses OC43 and SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Prevalence of symptomatic dry eye in breast cancer patients undergoing systemic adjuvant treatment: A cross-sectional study.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2020Article
- Current status ofJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2020Review
- A Review of the Mechanism of Action of Cyclosporine A: The Role of Cyclosporine A in Dry Eye Disease and Recent Formulation Developments.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a multifactorial disease characterized by tear hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and ocular surface damage. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is used as an effective disease-modifying agent to improve the signs and symptoms of KCS by reducing inflammation, which interferes with tear production. This review provides an overview of efficacy, safety, and limitations of currently marketed topical CsA formulations-including CsA ophthalmic emulsion, cationic nanoemulsion, and aqueous nanomicelles-and highlights newer technologies for controlled ocular delivery of CsA and their clinical implications. Long available emulsion formulations of CsA are oil-based and have several limitations, including slow onset of efficacy and low intraocular penetration and bioavailability. Aqueous CsA nanomicelle carriers produce rapid improvement in objective signs of KCS such as corneal and conjunctival staining as early as 4 weeks and have acceptable safety profiles. CsA formulations using semifluorinated alkanes or polyaphrons are currently in clinical development, having recently completed Phase 2 studies. Other carriers for CsA currently in the preclinical phase include microemulsions, polymeric aqueous and lyophilized micelles, and hydrogels; these novel formulations have yet to undergo clinical trials. Formulations that improve tissue availability of CsA may be beneficial in clinical practice by providing faster onset of relief and improving patient adherence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.