ArticleJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2020
Orthotopic Implantation Achieves Better Engraftment and Faster Growth Than Subcutaneous Implantation in Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts.
Article in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Downregulation of sST2, a decoy receptor for interleukin-33, enhances subcutaneous tumor growth in murine pancreatic cancer cells.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Optimizing Xenograft Models for Breast Cancer: A Comparative Analysis of Cell-Derived and Patient-Derived Implantation Techniques in Pre-Clinical Research.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Review
- HER2 expression in different cell lines at different inoculation sites assessed by [Pathology oncology research : POR · 2025Article
- High-Throughput Dissociation and Orthotopic Implantation of Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2024Article
- OBSERVE: guidelines for the refinement of rodent cancer models.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- PDX Models in Theranostic Applications: Generation and Screening for B Cell Lymphoma of Human Origin.Molecular imaging and biology · 2024Article
- Orthotopic and metastatic tumour models in preclinical cancer research.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- The Power and Promise of Patient-Derived Xenografts of Human Breast Cancer.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024Review
- Targeted PLGA-Chitosan Nanoparticles for NIR-Triggered Phototherapy and Imaging of HER2-Positive Tumors.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Progress in building clinically relevant patient-derived tumor xenograft models for cancer research.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Hesperidin suppressed metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth in Balb/c mice model of breast cancer.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Experimental and spontaneous metastasis assays can result in divergence in clonal architecture.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Radiation Sensitivity: The Rise of Predictive Patient-Derived Cancer Models.Seminars in radiation oncology · 2023Review
- Generation, evolution, interfering factors, applications, and challenges of patient-derived xenograft models in immunodeficient mice.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Establishing Patient-Derived Cancer Cell Cultures and Xenografts in Biliary Tract Cancer.Cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- Cancer Progression Is not Different in Mice of Different Gender Inoculated With Cells of the Triple-Negative 4T1 Breast Cancer Model.World journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Prognostic value of patient-derived xenograft engraftment in pediatric sarcomas.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2021Article
- The past, present, and future of breast cancer models for nanomedicine development.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Conflicting roles ofAmerican journal of cancer research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) is now accepted as a murine model that better mimics human cancer when compared to a conventional cancer cell-line inoculation model. Some claim the advantage of orthotopic site implantation of patient tumor (OS) over ectopic implantation into the subcutaneous space (SQ); however, there has been no study that describes a head-to-head comparison of oncological differences between these two models to date. We hypothesize that OS tumors re-transplant and grow better than SQ tumors and are therefore a better model to evaluate tumor aggressiveness. Breast cancer PDXs were generated using the tumors derived from 11 patients into NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. We used six ER(+)HER2(-) tumors and five triple negative (TN) tumors for a total of 11 tumors. Five PDX lines grew for an overall engraftment rate of 45%. We present our OS implantation method in detail. The re-transplantation rate of TN tumors in each transplant site was significantly higher in OS when compared to SQ tumors (70.1% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.01). OS tumors grow significantly faster than SQ tumors. Similarly, OS tumors demonstrated significantly more mitotic figures and Ki-67 positive cells than SQ tumors. The tumor re-transplantation rate significantly increased by the second and third generations with the OS method. The time from implantation to development of a palpable tumor dramatically decreased after the first passage. PDX of ER(+) tumors demonstrated significantly lower engraftment rates and slower tumor growth than TN tumors, which remarkably improved by the first passage. Orthotopically implanted PDX tumors showed better re-transplantation rates, greater tumor size, and more significant growth compared to the subcutaneously implanted model.
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