SynthesisInternational ophthalmology2020
The prevalence of refractive errors in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism-a systematic review.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and time trends of refractive error in Chinese children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2021Pooled it
- Practical Comparison of a Newly Developed Software-Based Visual Acuity Test and Photoscreening in Japanese Preschool Children.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Distribution and factors associated with refractive errors among young adults attending ophthalmic clinics in Iraq: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The prevalence and demographic profile of myopia among school children in Beirut City, Lebanon.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Perceptions of Spectacle Use Among Undergraduate Students in Oman: Visual Symptoms, Convenience, and Disadvantages.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Correlation between refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters at Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Atopic disease and astigmatism: a population-based study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Long-term ocular complications after kidney transplantation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among School-Age Children and Adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Characteristics of astigmatism in school-age children aged 5 to 13 years in northeast Sichuan: a cross-sectional school-based study.Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Distribution and prevalence of refractive error in Iranian adult population results of the PERSIAN eye cohort study PECS.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Refractive error and vision related quality of life.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of myopia in school-age children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.SAGE open medicine · 2023Review
- Astigmatism profile in the elderly population: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Refractive errors in a large dataset of French children: the ANJO study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Factors affecting single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy outcome in the treatment of mild, moderate, and high myopia: a cohort study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Barriers and Perception Towards Spectacle Wear among a Student Population of University of Buraimi, Oman.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2021Article
- Analysis of Tear Ferning Patterns in Young Female Subjects with Refractive Errors.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Types and Presentation of Refractive Error among Individuals Aged 0-30 Years: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Yemen.Advances in medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors in the Middle East region.
methodsIn this meta-analysis, a structured strategy was applied to search databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, databases as well as the reference lists of the selected articles to identify cross-sectional studies assessing the prevalence of refractive errors in the Middle East region until September 2019. The outcome measure was the prevalence of refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, in two age groups of ≤ 15 years and > 15 years. The study results were combined using a random effects model at a confidence level of 95%.
resultsThe prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism was 4% (95% CI 4, 5), 8% (95% CI 6, 10), and 15% (95% CI 10, 19) in people less than or equal to 15 years and 30% (95% CI 25, 34), 21% (95% CI 15, 28), and 24% (95% CI 16, 31) in subjects over 15 years, respectively. The prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism was 3.5%, 12.4%, and 9.0% in male and 4.2%, 13.1%, and 9.9% in female subjects aged ≤ 15 years, respectively. In subjects aged > 15 years, the prevalence was 31.7%, 14.5%, and 31.5% in males and 31.9%, 11.2%, and 31% in females, respectively.
conclusionThe prevalence of hyperopia is relatively high in Middle Eastern children, while the prevalence of myopia is higher in adults in this region. It seems that astigmatism is not a serious refractive problem in this region compared to the rest of the world.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.