Trial reportAmerican journal of surgery2020
Training with cognitive load improves performance under similar conditions in a real surgical task.
Trial report in American journal of surgery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Learning curve of minimally invasive complete mesocolic excision for right-sided colon cancer: a systematic review.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Pooled it
- Image-based and textbook-based virtual reality training on operational skills among junior residents: a proof of concept study.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of the OPTESK VR training simulator for gastric bleeding treatment.Bioelectronic medicine · 2026Article
- Characterizing cognitive workload during simulated surface extravehicular activity with integrated virtual reality.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Association Between Surgeon Stress and Major Surgical Complications.JAMA surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Using a 360° Virtual Reality or 2D Video to Learn History Taking and Physical Examination Skills for Undergraduate Medical Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR serious games · 2021Article
- Virtual reality (VR) as a simulation modality for technical skills acquisition.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnhancing cognitive load while performing a bimanual surgical task affects performance. Whether repeated training under this condition could benefit performance in an operating room was tested using a virtual reality simulator with cognitive load applied through two-digit math multiplication questions.
method11 subjects were randomized to Control, VR and VR + CL groups. After a pre-test, VR and VR + CL groups repeated the peg transfer task 150 times over 15 sessions with cognitive load applied only for the last 100 trials. After training, all groups took a post-test and two weeks later the retention test with and without cognitive load and the transfer task on a pig intestine of 150 cm long under cognitive load. RESULTS AND
conclusionMixed ANOVA analysis showed significant differences between the control and VR and VR + CL groups (p = 0.013, p = 0.009) but no differences between the VR + CL and the VR groups (p = 1.0). GOALS bimanual dexterity score on transfer test show that VR + CL group outperformed both Control and VR groups (p = 0.016, p = 0.03). Training under cognitive load benefitted performance on an actual surgical task under similar conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.