Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32106765›Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society2021

Appearance of congenital hand anomalies.

Noora N Nietosvaara, Antti J Sommarhem, Jani M Puhakka, Ruth E S Tan, Johannes Schalamon, Aarno Y Nietosvaara

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Article in Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Noora N NietosvaaraDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-1091
Antti J SommarhemDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Jani M PuhakkaDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Ruth E S TanDepartment of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.
Johannes SchalamonDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Aarno Y NietosvaaraDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveImpact of appearance of congenital hand anomalies has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the common perception about how different congenitally malformed hands look.

methodsWe developed a questionnaire in a game format to evaluate the appearance of different hands. Altogether 1450 (954 females) 4- to 84-year-old residents (296 children) of two European and one Asian (n = 102) country were asked to rate the appearance of different looking hands on a five-point pictorial Likert-type scale. Standardized photographs of the dorsal aspect of 17 different congenitally malformed non-operated hands and a normal hand were presented to respondents. Significance of age, gender, nationality, and profession of the respondents was assessed.

resultsThe respondents' ranking order of the hands was nearly consistent. The normal hand (mean = 4.43, standard deviation = 0.85, Md = 5) and clinodactyly (mean = 4.37, standard deviation = 0.86, Md = 5) were perceived to have the best appearance. Symbrachydactyly (mean = 1.42, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) and radial club hand (mean = 1.40, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) received the lowest scores. Adults rated the appearance of hands higher than children regarding 14 hands, females higher than men regarding 15 hands, and Europeans higher than Asians in 4 hands (p < 0.05, respectively). Europeans rated four-finger hand (mean = 3.21, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3) better looking than six-finger hand (mean = 2.92, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3, p < 0.005), whereas Asians gave higher scores to six-finger hand (mean = 2.66, standard deviation = 1.26, Md = 3) compared to four-finger hand (mean = 2.51, standard deviation = 1.14, Md = 2). Medical doctors and nurses gave higher scores compared to the other profession groups, school children, and high school students in five hands (p < 0.05).

conclusionsA normal hand is perceived distinctly better looking than most congenitally different hands. Different malformations' appearance was ranked very coherently in the same order despite of participants' age, gender, nationality, or profession. Asians seem to prefer an additional digit to a four-finger hand.

Indexed as

HandHand Deformities, CongenitalAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adultchildcongenitaldisability evaluationestheticshandUpper extremity deformities

Identifiers

PMID32106765
PMCPMC8551435

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.