ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Drivers, Risk Factors and Dynamics of African Swine Fever Outbreaks, Southern Highlands, Tanzania.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- African Swine Fever Virus Circulation between Tanzania and Neighboring Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- Biosecurity risks for African swine fever occurrence in smallholder systems in Gauteng, South Africa.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- Complete genome analysis of the African swine fever virus genotypes II and IX responsible for the 2021 and 2023 outbreaks in Rwanda.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Perception, and Practices Concerning African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Value Chain in North Central Nigeria: Implications for Adaptation of Prevention and Control.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- African Swine Fever Perception, Risk Factors, and Socioeconomic Disparities Among Smallholder Domestic Pig Farmers in Serengeti, Tanzania.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- African swine fever: A highly fatal disease that is spreading globally.Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Understanding Smallholder Pigkeepers' Awareness and Perceptions of African Swine Fever and Its Control Measures in Ukraine.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Semiquantitative Risk Evaluation Reveals Drivers of African Swine Fever Virus Transmission in Smallholder Pig Farms and Gaps in Biosecurity, Tanzania.Veterinary medicine international · 2024Article
- The Influencing Factors of "Post-African Swine Fever" Pig Farm Biosecurity: Evidence from Sichuan Province, China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- A Participatory Approach in Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of Stakeholders and Livestock Owners about Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases from Sindh, Pakistan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impacts of Ebola disease outbreak in West Africa: Implications for government and public health preparedness and lessons from COVID-19.Scientific African · 2023Article
- Innovative Research Offers New Hope for Managing African Swine Fever Better in Resource-Limited Smallholder Farming Settings: A Timely Update.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Patterns of ASFV Transmission in Domestic Pigs in Serbia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A survey of biosecurity practices of pig farmers in selected districts affected by African swine fever in Uganda.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- The perceptions of Lithuanian hunters towards African swine fever using a participatory approach.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Analysis of the drivers of ASF introduction into the officially approved pig compartments in South Africa and implications for the revision of biosecurity standards.Porcine health management · 2022Article
- Application of Spatial Risk Assessment Integrated With a Mobile App in Fighting Against the Introduction of African Swine Fever in Pig Farms in Thailand: Development Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- An assessment of the epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of the 2019 African swine fever outbreak in Ngara district, western Tanzania.Veterinary and animal science · 2021Article
- Review
- Genetic profile of African swine fever virus responsible for the 2019 outbreak in northern Malawi.BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
African swine fever remains an important pig disease globally in view of its rapid spread, economic impacts and food implications, with no option of vaccination or treatment. The Southern Highlands zone of Tanzania, an important pig-producing hub in East Africa, is endemic with African swine fever (ASF). From approximately the year 2010, the recurrence of outbreaks has been observed and it has now become a predictable pattern. We conducted exploratory participatory epidemiology and participatory disease surveillance in the Southern Highlands to understand the pig sector and the drivers and facilitators of infections, risk factors and dynamics of ASF in this important pig-producing area. Pigs continue to play a major role in rural livelihoods in the Southern Highlands and pork is a major animal protein source. Outbreaks of diseases, particularly ASF, have continued to militate against the scaling up of pig operations in the Southern Highlands. Intra- and inter-district and trans-border transnational outbreaks of ASF, the most common disease in the Southern Highlands, continue to occur. Trade and marketing systems, management systems, and lack of biosecurity, as well as anthropogenic (human) issues, animals and fomites, were identified as risk factors and facilitators of ASF infection. Changes in human behavior and communication in trade and marketing systems in the value chain, biosecurity and pig management practices are warranted. Relevant training must be implemented alongside the launch of the national ASF control strategy for Tanzania, which already established a roadmap for combating ASF in Tanzania. The high-risk points (slaughter slabs, border areas, and farms with poor biosecurity) and high-risk period (November-March) along the pig value chain must be targeted as critical control points for interventions in order to reduce the burden of infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.