ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2020
Menstrual Cycle Changes in Vagally-Mediated Heart Rate Variability are Associated with Progesterone: Evidence from Two Within-Person Studies.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology-Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement.Psychophysiology · 2024Guideline
- Sex differences in brain functional connectivity changes to different energy densities of laser acupuncture at PC6 (Neiguan): a pilot resting-state fMRI study.Lasers in medical science · 2026Trial
- Short-term effects of weight-loading on heart rate variability in obese adults.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- The Effects of Excessive Arousing Video Gaming on vmHRV During Sleep in Habitual Gamers.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Autonomic nervous system and endocrine system response to upper or lower cervical spine mobilization in males with persistent post-concussion symptoms: a proof-of-concept trial.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2024Trial
- Autonomic nervous system and endocrine system response to upper and lower cervical spine mobilization in healthy male adults: a randomized crossover trial.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2023Trial
- Characterizing short-term linear and nonlinear heart rate variability in typically developing children and adolescents.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Influence of oestradiol on exercise induced muscular damage and heart rate variability in a non-trained healthy population.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Benchmarking machine learning architectures for menstrual recovery prediction using physiologically informed synthetic wearable data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Capturing sex differences in spontaneous autonomic fluctuations of resting heart rate using a similarity graph theory approach.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Baseline vagal tone and pain reactivity: linking autonomic function to endogenous pain inhibition in women.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Correlation between heart rate variability and estradiol, progesterone, and the estradiol/progesterone ratio across menstrual phases in healthy women.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- The diagnostic accuracy of wearable digital technology in detecting fertility window and menstrual cycles: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Social conflict imagery induces stress, social and physical pain: sex differences in autonomic and affective responses and pathways to resilience and wellbeing.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Hormonal Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiological Mechanisms That Trigger and Sustain the Arrhythmic Circuits.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Autonomic Nervous System, Cognition, and Emotional Valence During Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle-A Narrative Review.NeuroSci · 2025Review
- Effects of "Living High-Training Low and High" on Sleep, Heart Rate Variability, and Psychological Responses in Elite Female Cyclists.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Heart Rate Variability Measurements Across the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptive Phases in Two Olympian Female Swimmers: A Case Report.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A recent meta-analysis revealed that cardiac vagal activity (mostly indicated by vagally-mediated heart rate variability; HRV) decreases significantly from the follicular to luteal menstrual cycle phase in naturally-cycling participants. However, the question remains as to whether cyclical changes in estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), or both are responsible for HRV fluctuations. We present the first studies to use repeated measures of E2, P4, and HRV across the cycle to model both the unique and interactive effects of person-centered E2 and P4 on HRV in multilevel models. In study one, 40 naturally-cycling participants were assessed weekly across four weeks, and were blind to the cycle focus of the study. In study two, 50 naturally-cycling participants were examined in three precisely defined cycle phases via ovulation testing. Both studies revealed that only P4 was correlated with HRV, such that higher-than-usual P4 significantly predicted lower-than-usual HRV within a given participant. In line with this, cycle phase comparisons revealed lower HRV in the mid-luteal phase (characterized by elevated P4) than in other phases. No significant main or interactive effects of E2 on HRV were found. Future female health studies should investigate individual differences in these effects and potential consequences of cyclical HRV changes on daily functioning.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.