ReviewChinese medical journal2020
Breast cancer immunology and immunotherapy: targeting the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death protein ligand-1.
Review in Chinese medical journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct immune microenvironment in HER2-low triple-negative breast cancer underlies inferior response to immunotherapy.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Causal modeling reveals cell-cell communication dynamics in the tumor microenvironment during anti-PD-1 therapy in breast cancer patients.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Hybrid bioinspired nanovescicles target tumor endothelial cells and regulate immuno-microenvironment for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Multi-omics analysis unveils tumor heterogeneity and immunotherapy predictive model in breast cancer for precision medicine and early detection.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Advances in cold atmospheric plasma therapy for cancer.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- The Trojan Horse Within: Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Breast Cancer.Cancer heterogeneity and plasticity · 2025Article
- First-in-Human Dose-Escalation Study of Fianlimab, an Antilymphocyte Activation Gene-3 Antibody, with Cemiplimab in Patients with Advanced Malignancies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment's Role in Breast Cancer: A Glimpse into Promising Frontiers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A novel PD-1/PD-L1 pathway molecular typing-related signature for predicting prognosis and the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Engineering an active immunotherapy for personalized cancer treatment and prevention of recurrence.Science advances · 2023Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer: development, mechanisms of resistance and potential management strategies.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2023Review
- Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition in the management of glioblastoma: Exploring a new frontier.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Necroptosis-Related LncRNAs Signature and Subtypes for Predicting Prognosis and Revealing the Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Article
- Regulation of aromatase in cancer.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Review
- Advances in Drug Resistance of Esophageal Cancer: From the Perspective of Tumor Microenvironment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Drug Resistance in Esophageal Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Targeted inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment by low-dose doxorubicin to improve immune efficacy in murine neuroblastoma.Chinese medical journal · 2020Article
- Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulating Immune Cell in the Tumor Microenvironment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Integrative cancer therapiesReview
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Historically, breast cancer has been regarded as an immunogenic "cold" tumor. However, the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors has made immunotherapy becoming an emerging new treatment modality for breast cancer. This review discusses the immune system, immune features of breast cancer, and the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors used in the treatment of breast cancer. High T lymphocyte infiltration and mutation burden were observed in triple-negative breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer. Increasing breast cancer immunogenicity and modulating the tumor microenvironment has been reported to improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. Recent clinical trials involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors monotherapy in breast cancer has revealed little efficacy, which highlights the need to develop combinations of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapies, and other immunotherapies to maximize the clinical efficacy. Collectively, the immunotherapy might be a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer and several clinical trials are still on-going.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.