ReviewWiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine2020
The immunologic Warburg effect: Evidence and therapeutic opportunities in autoimmunity.
Review in Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of immune function in individuals without and with obesity and normoglycemia, glucose intolerance, or type 2 diabetes: primary findings of the NutrIMM study, a single-arm controlled feeding trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Peripheral immune-cell bioenergetics in acute and stable schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Thymoquinone as a Multi-Target Modulator of Inflammatory and Immunometabolic Signaling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids at the Crossroads of Microbiota, Immunometabolism, and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- A Novel Platform for Fast and Cost-Effective Screening of Immunomodulatory Compounds.Advanced biology · 2026Article
- Diabetes Mellitus with Influenza Virus and Subsequent Bacterial Infection: Triple Pathological Interactions and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Stress and the Immune System: Insights From Psychoneuroimmunology.Physiological research · 2026Review
- Autofluorescence lifetime imaging resolves cell heterogeneity within peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Article
- β-catenin-driven innate and metabolic reprograming in macrophages fuel T-cell-dependent inflammation in Toxoplasma gondii infection: implications for therapeutic intervention.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Lifelong Exercise as a Modulator of CD4European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate couples glycolytic activity to cell adhesion.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Association of Changes in Portal Insulin with Immunometabolism During and After Hepatitis C Virus Infection.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
- Autofluorescence lifetime imaging resolves cell heterogeneity within peripheral blood mononuclear cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming in diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic disorders: exploring the Warburg effect, ketones, and SGLT2 inhibitors.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Trained immunity in gout: epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune memory.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Vitamin D supports activated CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mapping real-time metabolic kinetics of expanded CAR T cells using hyperpolarizedScientific reports · 2025Article
- ARIES domains: functional signaling units of type I interferon responses.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Intronic miR-342 is a key regulator of cellular glycolysis in Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Effects of Long-Term Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction Induced by Cardiac Neurovascular Interface Deterioration.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory signals induce metabolic reprogramming in innate and adaptive immune cells of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage, characterized by a shift to aerobic glycolysis akin to the Warburg effect first described in cancer. Blocking the switch to aerobic glycolysis impairs the survival, differentiation, and effector functions of pro-inflammatory cell types while favoring anti-inflammatory and regulatory phenotypes. Glycolytic reprogramming may therefore represent a selective vulnerability of inflammatory immune cells, providing an opportunity to modulate immune responses in autoimmune disease without broad toxicity in other tissues of the body. The mechanisms by which aerobic glycolysis and the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation regulate immune responses have only begun to be understood, with many additional insights expected in the years to come. Immunometabolic therapies targeting aerobic glycolysis include both pharmacologic inhibitors of key enzymes and glucose-restricted diets, such as the ketogenic diet. Animal studies support a role for these pharmacologic and dietary therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and in a few cases proof of concept has been demonstrated in human disease. Nonetheless, much more work is needed to establish the clinical safety and efficacy of these treatments. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.