ArticleJAMA2020
When Can Intermediate Outcomes Be Used as Surrogate Outcomes?
Article in JAMA, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Optimal early endpoint for second-line or subsequent immune checkpoint inhibitors in previously treated advanced solid cancers: a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Durable Disease Control With Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab but Limited Post-Progression Outcomes: A Multicenter Real-World Study in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Surrogate Outcomes Used as Proxies in Rare Long-Term Conditions: Evidence Assessment Group Perspective.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Article
- A Perspective on the Appropriate Implementation of ICH E9(R1) Addendum Strategies for Handling Intercurrent Events.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Design considerations and challenges in the CHinA National CancEr Screening (CHANCES) trial and Tomosynthesis Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (TMIST).Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2025Article
- Use of surrogate endpoints in health technology assessment: a review of selected NICE technology appraisals in oncology.International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2025Review
- Monitoring overall survival in pivotal trials in indolent cancers.Statistics in biopharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: a propensity matching score analysis.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Review
- Is Economic Evaluation and Care Commissioning Focused on Achieving the Same Outcomes? Resource-Allocation Considerations and Challenges Using England as a Case Study.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Article
- Meaningful Endpoints for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) Clinical Trials: Emphasis on 'Feels, Functions, Survives'. Report of a Collaborative Discussion in a Symposium with Direct Engagement from Representatives of Patients, Investigators, the National Institutes of Health, a Patient Advocacy Organization, and a Regulatory Agency.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Association of delayed adequate antimicrobial treatment and organ dysfunction in pediatric bloodstream infections.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Understanding Training Load as Exposure and Dose.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Intermediate outcomes for clinical trials of multiple sclerosis rehabilitation interventions: Conceptual and practical considerations.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Review
- Improving the efficiency of clinical trials in multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Review
- US Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Nivolumab Plus Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy for the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Patients With Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Article
- Closing the Gap Between Observational Research and Randomized Controlled Trials for Prevention of Alzheimer Disease and Dementia.Epidemiologic reviews · 2022Article
- Article
- FDA/Arthritis Foundation osteoarthritis drug development workshop recap: Assessment of long-term benefit.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2022Review
- Utilizing restricted mean duration of response for efficacy evaluation of cancer treatments.Pharmaceutical statistics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Comment on
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
Indexed as
Identifiers
32105291What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.