ArticleAsian journal of pharmaceutical sciences2019
Preparation, characterization and
Article in Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Platforms: From Barrier Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- AI-enabled, QbD-aligned Predictive, and Sustainable Design of Natural Polymer-based Drug Delivery Systems.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Advances in Liposomal Interleukin and Liposomal Interleukin Gene Therapy for Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology-driven advances in intranasal vaccine delivery systems against infectious diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Modified PEG-Lipids Enhance the Nasal Mucosal Immune Capacity of Lipid Nanoparticle mRNA Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Applications of Chitosan in Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Infectious Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Review of Intranasal Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Chitosan Nanoparticles for Intranasal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Insights into vaccines for elderly individuals: from the impacts of immunosenescence to delivery strategies.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
- Nanotechnology's frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Strategies for the Preparation of Chitosan Derivatives for Antimicrobial, Drug Delivery, and Agricultural Applications: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Structures, Properties, and Bioengineering Applications of Alginates and Hyaluronic Acid.Polymers · 2023Review
- Chitosan: A Potential Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Natural Polymeric Composites Derived from Animals, Plants, and Microbes for Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvant Applications: A Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Coating Materials to Increase the Stability of Liposomes.Polymers · 2023Review
- Polymeric nanoparticles and nanomicelles of hydroxychloroquine co-loaded with azithromycin potentiate anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect.Journal of nanostructure in chemistry · 2023Article
- Excipients Used for Modified Nasal Drug Delivery: A Mini-Review of the Recent Advances.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Alginate as a Promising Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and Wound Healing: A Review of the State-of-the-Art.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Applications of Chitosan-Alginate-Based Nanoparticles-An Up-to-Date Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A review of the antiviral activity of Chitosan, including patented applications and its potential use against COVID-19.Journal of applied microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For efficient mucosal vaccine delivery, nanoparticulate antigens are better taken by microfold cells in the nasal associated lymphoid tissue and also dendritic cells. Nanoparticles based on polymers such as chitosan (CHT) and its water soluble derivative, trimethylchitosan (TMC), could be successfully used as carrier/adjuvant for this purpose. Sodium alginate, a negatively charged biopolymer, could modify the immunostimulatory properties of CHT and TMC NPs and increase their stability. Sodium alginate (ALG)-coated chitosan (CHT) and trimethylchitosan (TMC) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with inactivated PR8 influenza virus were successfully prepared by direct coating of the virus with CHT or TMC polymers to evaluate their immunoadjuvant potential after nasal immunization. After nasal immunizations in BALB/c mice, PR8-CHT formulation elicited higher IgG2a and IgG1 antibody titers compared with PR8-TMC. ALG coating of this formulation (PR8-CHT-ALG) significantly decreased the antibody titers and a less immune response was induced than PR8-TMC-ALG formulation. PR8-TMC-ALG formulation showed significantly higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, as criteria for Th1-type immune response, compared with PR8-CHT-ALG and PR8 virus alone. Altogether, the PR8-TMC-ALG formulation could be considered as an efficient intranasal antigen delivery system for nasal vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.