ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2020
Interleukin-6 signaling requires only few IL-6 molecules: Relation to physiological concentrations of extracellular IL-6.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Yidu-toxicity blocking lung decoction ameliorates inflammation in severe pneumonia of SARS-COV-2 patients with Yidu-toxicity blocking lung syndrome by eliminating IL-6 and TNF-a.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2020Trial
- Comparison of THP-1 Subtypes Reveals Differences on Transcriptomic and Protein Expression Level Throughout Their Immunological Differentiation.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Recombinant LAB vector engineered to secrete chicken IFN-λ3 induces an early but sustained activation of antiviral host responses against AIV infection.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Acidosis-induced p38-kinase activation triggers an IL-6-mediated crosstalk of renal proximal tubule cells with fibroblasts leading to their inflammatory response.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Constitutive systemic inflammation in Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Cytokine Autoantibodies Alter Gene Expression Profiles of Healthy Donors.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Multiomics approaches disclose very-early molecular and cellular switches during insect-venom allergen-specific immunotherapy: an observational study.Nature communications · 2024Observational
- Dendritic cells under the control of the preimplantation embryo secretome: an in vitro study.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Article
- The Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine 2LPAPICancers · 2024Article
- In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- The Unitary Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine Interferon-γ (4 CH) Displays Similar Immunostimulatory and Immunomodulatory Effects than Those of Biologically Active Human Interferon-γ on Various Cell Types.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Clinical and Biological Effects of Homeopathically Prepared Signaling Molecules: A Scoping Review.Homeopathy : the journal of the Faculty of Homeopathy · 2022Article
- Improving CAR T-Cell Persistence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Interleukin-6 signaling requires only few IL-6 molecules: Relation to physiological concentrations of extracellular IL-6.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2020Article
- Immune Tolerance as the Physiologic Counterpart of Chronic Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe aim of this study was to give quantitative insight into the number of cytokine molecules needed to activate a target cell and relate this to the physiological consequences of the amounts of cytokines typically detectable in humans. As a model system blood interleukin-6 (IL-6) was chosen since this cytokine is one of the most studied and clinically monitored cytokines, and because of the tools for the present investigations such as fully bioactive iodinated recombinant IL-6, cellular cytokine binding assays, and bioassays have been thoroughly validated.
methodsThe key intermediates of the basic equilibrium principles that govern cytokine binding and exchange were deduced and applied on concrete estimations of cellular and extracellular IL-6 binding in the bloodstream based on experimental binding data and data from the literature. In parallel, in vitro cellular IL-6 binding data was substantiated by paired measurements of IL-6 bioactivity on IL-6 sensitive B9 hybridoma cells.
resultsBlood leucocytes and B9 cells expressed 50 to 300, 10 to 20 picomolar affinity, IL-6 binding sites per cell and at physiological concentrations of IL-6 less than 10 IL-6 molecules seemed to be bound to blood cells. Nonetheless, binding off as few as four IL-6 molecules per cell seemed to result in statistically significant bioactivity, whereas binding of 16 IL-6 molecules triggered extensive cellular responses.
conclusionTogether, the estimations and the measurements support the notion that target cells with more than 100 bioactive cytokine receptors per cell, such as T cells and hepatocytes, are likely to be under steady and substantial cytokine-induced endocrine activation.
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