SynthesisEpidemiology and infection2020
Risk factors for death from hand-foot-mouth disease: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Epidemiology and infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Severe Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- The C5a-C5aR1 axis facilitates blood-brain barrier disruption induced by EV-A71 infection through neutrophil activation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Prohibitins: emerging host targets of bacteria and viruses at the plasma membrane, mitochondria, and cytoplasm.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- The Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Sentinel Surveillance System in South Korea: Retrospective Evaluation Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Enterovirus A71 crosses a human blood-brain barrier model through infected immune cells.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Long non-coding RNA ENST00000469812 promotes Enterovirus type 71 replication via targeting the miR-4443/NUPR1 axis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells.Archives of virology · 2022Article
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2022Review
- Type I Interferon-Induced TMEM106A Blocks Attachment of EV-A71 Virus by Interacting With the Membrane Protein SCARB2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of Diagnostic Models for Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Children.Disease markers · 2021Article
- A fractional system of delay differential equation with nonsingular kernels in modeling hand-foot-mouth disease.Advances in difference equations · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in China, Singapore and other Western Pacific Region, involving millions of children, have become a big threat to public health. This study aimed to quantitatively assess all qualified studies and identify the risk factors for HFMD death. A systematic search of the databases PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed. Study heterogeneity and publication bias were estimated. Seven case-control studies involving 1641 participants (634 died and 1007 survived) were included in the meta-analysis. Human enterovirus 71 infection, male, age ⩽3 years, vomiting, cyanosis, convulsion, duration of fever ⩾3 days, atypical rashes and abdominal distention were not significantly related to HFMD death (P ⩽ 0.05). Lethargy (odds ratio (OR) = 6.62; 95% CI 3.61-12.14; I2 = 0%; P < 0.0001), pneumonoedema/pneumorrhagia (OR = 4.09; 95% CI 2.44-6.87; I2 = 0%; P < 0.0001), seizures (OR = 6.85; 95% CI 2.37-19.74; I2 = 0%; P = 0.0004), dyspnoea (OR = 8.24; 95% CI 2.05-33.19; I2 = 83%; P = 0.003) and coma (OR = 3.76; 95% CI 1.85-7.67; I2 = 0%; P = 0.0003) were significantly associated with HFMD death, which were risk factors for HFMD death.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.