Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32102685›Full record

ArticleTrials2020

Promoting smoking abstinence in smokers willing to quit smoking through virtual reality-approach bias retraining: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Alla Machulska, Tanja Joan Eiler, Armin Grünewald, Rainer Brück, Katharina Jahn, Björn Niehaves, Heiko Ullrich, Tim Klucken

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Trials, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alla MachulskaDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57068, Siegen, Germany. alla.machulska@uni-siegen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5968-429X
Tanja Joan EilerDepartment of Medical Informatics und Microsystems Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
Armin GrünewaldDepartment of Medical Informatics und Microsystems Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
Rainer BrückLife Science Faculty, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
Katharina JahnDepartment of Business Informatics, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
Björn NiehavesDepartment of Business Informatics, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
Heiko UllrichDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Kreisklinikum Siegen GmbH, Siegen, Germany.
Tim KluckenDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57068, Siegen, Germany.

Funding

Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft, Land NRW 005-1706-0006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAutomatic processes to approach smoking-related cues have been repeatedly linked to smoking status, intensity of smoking, and cigarette craving. Moreover, recent findings suggest that targeting those tendencies directly by means of approach bias modification (ABM) has merit in changing maladaptive approach tendencies for drug cues and reducing drug consumption. However, training effects tend to be small. Embedding the training into virtual reality (VR) technology could be a promising way to improve training efficacy. The present protocol describes a randomized controlled trial that aims to assess the efficacy of a newly developed VR-ABM as a means of reducing smoking-related approach biases or nicotine consumption in smokers seeking abstinence.

methodsOne hundred daily smokers who are motivated to quit smoking will be recruited into the randomized controlled trial. All participants will attend a brief smoking cessation intervention (TAU) and will be randomly assigned either to the experimental (VR-avoidance training) or the placebo-control group (VR-placebo training). During the VR-avoidance training, participants are implicitly instructed to make an avoidance movement in response to smoking-related objects (e.g., cigarettes) and an approach movement in response to alternative objects (e.g., healthy food). During the VR-placebo training, no such contingency between arm movement and item content exists. Trainings are administered in six sessions within two weeks. Training effects on automatic approach tendencies and smoking behavior are measured immediately after training and at a 7-week follow-up. DISCUSSION: Embedding the training into virtual reality (VR) technology could be a promising new way to improve ecological validity, realism, and immersion and thereby increase ABM training effects. The results of this study can inform future research in the optimization and advancement of treatment for addiction.

trial registrationRegistered with Current Controlled Trials: study ID ISRCTN16006023. Registered on 28 March 2019.

Indexed as

Virtual RealityBehavior TherapyBiasHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSmokersSmoking CessationApproach biasApproach bias modificationCigarette smokingNicotine addictionRandomized control trialVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID32102685
PMCPMC7045706

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.