ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2020
Clinical relevance of the comparative expression of immune checkpoint markers with the clinicopathological findings in patients with primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinoblastoma management-Our fight is different!Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Retinoblastoma and Its Tumor Microenvironment.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- B7-H3 and GD2 overexpression as immunotherapeutic targets in retinoblastoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Post-translational modifications in retinoblastoma: mechanisms, immune regulation, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Genetics of Retinoblastoma: ICMR Consensus Guidelines.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- Prospects of anti-GD2 immunotherapy for retinoblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Identification of Immune-Related Genes and Immune Cells in the Progression of Retinoblastoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Treatment of Retinoblastoma: What Is the Latest and What Is the Future.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Retinoblastoma Is Characterized by a Cold, CD8+ Cell Poor, PD-L1- Microenvironment, Which Turns Into Hot, CD8+ Cell Rich, PD-L1+ After Chemotherapy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Carboplatin Inhibits the Progression of Retinoblastoma Through IncRNA XIST/miR-200a-3p/NRP1 Axis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe goal of this study is to identify the pathological findings and expression of immune checkpoint marker (PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4) in the tumor microenvironment of both primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma and correlate them with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome.
methodsTotal of 262 prospective cases was included prospectively in which 144 cases underwent primary enucleation and 118 cases received chemotherapy/radiotherapy before enucleation (chemoreduced retinoblastoma). Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression pattern of immune checkpoint markers in primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma.
resultsTumor microenvironment were different for both primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma. Expression of PD-1 was found in 29/144 (20.13%) and 48/118 (40.67%) in primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma, respectively, whereas PD-L1 was expressed in 46/144 (31.94%) and 22/118 (18.64%) in cases of primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma, respectively. Expression pattern of CTLA-4 protein was similar in both groups of retinoblastoma. On multivariate analysis, massive choroidal invasion, bilaterality and PD-L1 expression (p = 0.034) were found to be statistically significant factors in primary retinoblastoma, whereas PD-1 expression (p = 0.015) and foamy macrophages were significant factors in chemoreduced retinoblastoma. Overall survival was reduced in cases of PD-L1 (80.76%) expressed primary retinoblastoma, and PD-1 (63.28%) expressed chemoreduced retinoblastoma.
conclusionsThis is the first of its kind study predicting a relevant role of the immune checkpoint markers in both groups of primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma with prognostic significance. Differential expression of these markers in both group of retinoblastoma is a novel finding and might be an interesting and beneficial target for chemoresistant tumors.
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