ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2019
The Relationship Between Course of Illness and β-Endorphin Plasma Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive benefits of air purification among schoolchildren: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Article
- Give me five! A modern perspective on addiction from the up-dated Freudian drive theory.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Alterations of serum neuropeptide levels and their relationship to cognitive impairment and psychopathology in male patients with chronic schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Plasma neuropeptide levels in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder and healthy controls: A multiplex immunoassay study.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2023Article
- Plasma β-Endorphin Concentration and Antipsychotic Treatment Outcome in Schizophrenia: 1-Year Follow-Up.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveExtensive investigations have been conducted into predictors of schizophrenia outcome. The heterogeneity of the illness implies that many factors should be taken into account. Some studies have reported the relationship between increased β-endorphin concentration and predominant negative symptoms.
methodsWe included 77 outpatients with schizophrenia and 74 healthy controls. Data referring to duration and course of illness, hospitalization number and treatment were collected on the basis of clinical interviews and medical documentation analysis. The β-endorphin concentrations were assessed once in all participants, at the onset of the study.
resultsA chronic course of illness was found in 44 of the 77 schizophrenics. Patients with schizophrenia, especially those with a chronic course of illness, revealed significantly higher β-endorphin concentrations than those with an episodic course and controls (mean 29.70 vs 19.86 pmol/L;
conclusionEndorphins may be potential biological predictors of persistent negative symptoms and final outcome in schizophrenia.
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