ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Evidence of an Association of Increases in Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Coverage With Decreases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis Rates in the United States, 2012-2016.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Recommendation for the Use of Injectable Lenacapavir as HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis - United States, 2025.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2025Guideline
- Characteristics of US Counties with Low Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Use and Limited Access to PrEP Prescribing Clinics.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Implementation determinants and outcomes in the Philadelphia TelePrEP Program: a mixed methods study of client and staff perspectives.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Facilitators and Barriers to Equitable Implementation of Telehealth PrEP Delivery: A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Program Staff and Stakeholders.Health promotion practice · 2026Article
- A Four-Item Risk Score to Target Acute HIV Infection Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Indonesia: Development and Validation in the INTERACT Prospective Cohort.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Re-evaluating the Potential Impact of Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Achieving HIV Elimination in the United States: Insights From Modeling.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Establish a PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) Epidemiology, Modeling, and Surveillance (PREMISE) System to Analyze Trends in PrEP Uptake and the Impact of PrEP Programs and Policies: Protocol for a Natural Experiment and Modeling Study in the United States.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Excess HIV Infections and Costs Associated With Reductions in HIV Prevention Services in the US.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Review
- A cross-sectional study evaluating the frequency of HIV drug resistance mutations among individuals diagnosed with HIV-1 in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis rollout programmes in Kenya, Zimbabwe, Eswatini and South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Estimating the population need for preexposure prophylaxis for HIV in the United States.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Claims-Based Algorithm to Identify Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Indications for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine Prescriptions (2012-2014): Validation Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Implementation and Evaluation of a Home-Based Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Monitoring Option: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Increasing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in primary care: A study protocol for a multi-level intervention using the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) framework.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Strategies to Close the PrEP Uptake Gap Among Transgender People and Men Who Have Sex with Men in Tshwane, South Africa: Perspectives from the Community.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Behavior Change Among HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men Not Using PrEP in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Leveling Up PrEP: Implementation Strategies at System and Structural Levels to Expand PrEP Use in the United States.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- HIV PrEP Coverage Among Black Adults: A Concept Analysis of the Inequities, Disparities, and Implications.Health equity · 2024Review
- Telehealth effectiveness for pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery in Brazilian public services: the Combine! Study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- [Evaluating the introduction of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis as a benefit of statutory health insurance (EvE-PrEP) : Highly effective protection against HIV without an increase in sexually transmitted infections].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnnual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses in the United States (US) have plateaued since 2013. We assessed whether there is an association between uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and decreases in HIV diagnoses.
methodsWe used 2012-2016 data from the US National HIV Surveillance System to estimate viral suppression (VS) and annual percentage change in diagnosis rate (EAPC) in 33 jurisdictions, and data from a national pharmacy database to estimate PrEP uptake. We used Poisson regression with random effects for state and year to estimate the association between PrEP coverage and EAPC: within jurisdictional quintiles grouped by changes in PrEP coverage, regressing EAPC on time; and among all jurisdictions, regressing EAPC on both time and jurisdictional changes in PrEP coverage with and without accounting for changes in VS.
resultsFrom 2012 to 2016, across the 10 states with the greatest increases in PrEP coverage, the EAPC decreased 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], -5.2% to -2.9%). On average, across the states and District of Columbia, EAPC for a given year decreased by 1.1% (95% CI, -1.77% to -.49%) for an increase in PrEP coverage of 1 per 100 persons with indications. When controlling for VS, the state-specific EAPC for a given year decreased by 1.3% (95% CI, -2.12% to -.57%) for an increase in PrEP coverage of 1 per 100 persons with indications.
conclusionsWe found statistically significant associations between jurisdictional increases in PrEP coverage and decreases in EAPC independent of changes in VS, which supports bringing PrEP use to scale in the US to accelerate reductions in HIV infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.