ArticlePloS one2020
The impact of longstanding illness and common mental disorder on competing employment exits routes in older working age: A longitudinal data-linkage study in Sweden.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for voluntary early old-age retirement in middle-aged workers: A meta-analysis.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of unemployment risk factors for middle-aged workers.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2025Pooled it
- A Mega-Ethnography of Qualitative Meta-Syntheses on Return to Work in People with Chronic Health Conditions.Die Rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- The contribution of common mental disorders and alcohol-related morbidity to educational differences in early labour market exit among older workers: a register-based cohort study.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- The causal effect of mental health on labor market outcomes: The case of stress-related mental disorders following a human-made disaster.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Inequalities in the impact of having a chronic disease on entering permanent paid employment: a registry-based 10-year follow-up study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- The influence of onset of disease on exit from paid employment among workers in The Netherlands: A longitudinal register-based study with 9 years follow-up.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2023Article
- Does it matter how we measure the health of older people in places for associations with labour market outcomes? A cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Chronic conditions and self-perceived health among older employees in relation to indicators of labour participation and retirement over time.Work (Reading, Mass.) · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesComorbidity is prevalent in older working ages and might affect employment exits. This study aimed to 1) assess the associations between comorbidity and different employment exit routes, and 2) examine such associations by gender.
methodsWe used data from employed adults aged 50-62 in the Stockholm Public Health Survey 2002 and 2006, linked to longitudinal administrative income records (N = 10,416). The morbidity measure combined Limiting Longstanding Illness and Common Mental Disorder-captured by the General Health Questionnaire-12 (≥4)-into a categorical variable: 1) No Limiting Longstanding Illness, no Common Mental Disorder, 2) Limiting Longstanding Illness only, 3) Common Mental Disorder only, and 4) comorbid Limiting Longstanding Illness+Common Mental Disorder. Employment status was followed up until 2010, treating early retirement, disability pension and unemployment as employment exits. Competing risk regression analysed the associations between morbidity and employment exit routes, stratifying by gender.
resultsCompared to No Limiting Longstanding Illness, no Common Mental Disorder, comorbid Limiting Longstanding Illness+Common Mental Disorder was associated with early retirement in men (subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence intervals: 1.08-2.76), but not in women. For men and women, strong associations for disability pension were observed with Limiting Longstanding Illness only (subdistribution hazard ratio = 11.43, 95% confidence intervals: 9.40-13.89) and Limiting Longstanding Illness+Common Mental Disorder (subdistribution hazard ratio = 14.25, 95% confidence intervals: 10.91-18.61), and to a lesser extent Common Mental Disorder only (subdistribution hazard ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence intervals: 1.31-3.05). Women were more likely to exit through disability pension than men (subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.96, 95% confidence intervals: 1.60-2.39). Common Mental Disorder only was the only morbidity category associated with unemployment (subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence intervals: 1.36-2.15).
conclusionsStrong associations were observed between specific morbidity categories with different employment exit routes, which differed by gender. Initiatives to extend working lives should consider older workers' varied health needs to prevent inequalities in older age.
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