ArticlePLoS computational biology2020
Reprogramming of macrophages employing gene regulatory and metabolic network models.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Obesity Disrupts H3K4me3-Mediated Lactate Accumulation and Efferocytosis in Hypoxic Macrophages.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Gene Therapy Approaches for Atherosclerosis Focusing on Targeting Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Innate Immunity and Platelets: Unveiling Their Role in Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Oxidative phosphorylation is a key feature of neonatal monocyte immunometabolism promoting myeloid differentiation after birth.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dietary supplementation with L-carnitine elevates intracellular carnitine levels and affects gene expression of SLC25A20 and COX4I1, as well as non-mitochondrial respiration of bovine blood cells during systemic immune challenge.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The multifaceted role of post-translational modifications in macrophage polarization: from mechanisms to therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Analysis of the correlation between COL11A1 gene expression and clinical features in bladder urothelial carcinoma.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2025Article
- Macrophages are activated toward phagocytic lymphoma cell clearance by pentose phosphate pathway inhibition.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Obeticholic acid ameliorates sepsis-induced renal mitochondrial damage by inhibiting the NF-κb signaling pathway.Renal failure · 2024Article
- Leveraging a comprehensive unbiased RNAseq database to characterize human monocyte-derived macrophage gene expression profiles within commonly employed in vitro polarization methods.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Circadian rhythms of macrophages are altered by the acidic tumor microenvironment.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- The integrate profiling of single-cell and spatial transcriptome RNA-seq reveals tumor heterogeneity, therapeutic targets, and prognostic subtypes in ccRCC.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- The relationship of ALPK1, hyaluronic acid and M1 macrophage polarization in the temporomandibular joint synovitis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Neu1 deficiency and fibrotic lymph node microenvironment lead to imbalance in M1/M2 macrophage polarization.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Regulatory macrophages in solid organ xenotransplantation.Korean journal of transplantation · 2023Review
- The role of AMPK in macrophage metabolism, function and polarisation.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Macrophage Reprogramming via the Modulation of Unfolded Protein Response with siRNA-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles in a TAM-like Experimental Model.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Mining chicken ileal microbiota for immunomodulatory microorganisms.The ISME journal · 2023Article
- KLF17 is an important regulatory component of the transcriptomic response of Atlantic salmon macrophages toFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Upon exposure to different stimuli, resting macrophages undergo classical or alternative polarization into distinct phenotypes that can cause fatal dysfunction in a large range of diseases, such as systemic infection leading to sepsis or the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Investigating gene regulatory and metabolic networks, we observed two metabolic switches during polarization. Most prominently, anaerobic glycolysis was utilized by M1-polarized macrophages, while the biosynthesis of inosine monophosphate was upregulated in M2-polarized macrophages. Moreover, we observed a switch in the urea cycle. Gene regulatory network models revealed E2F1, MYC, PPARγ and STAT6 to be the major players in the distinct signatures of these polarization events. Employing functional assays targeting these regulators, we observed the repolarization of M2-like cells into M1-like cells, as evidenced by their specific gene expression signatures and cytokine secretion profiles. The predicted regulators are essential to maintaining the M2-like phenotype and function and thus represent potential targets for the therapeutic reprogramming of immunosuppressive M2-like macrophages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.