ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery2020
Opioid Prescribing and Use Patterns in Postsurgical Facial Trauma Patients.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06429501 (The Impact of Perioperative Nerve Block on Opioid Use After Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of Perioperative Nerve Block on Opioid Use After Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioid Dependency After Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Surgery.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Review of Risk Factors for Opioid Misuse and Addiction Following Traumatic Injury.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Opioid consumption after lower limb amputation in Medicare beneficiaries.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Strategies aimed at preventing long-term opioid use in trauma and orthopaedic surgery: a scoping review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Pain Management Strategies After Orthopaedic Trauma: A Mixed-Methods Study with a View to Optimizing Practices.Journal of pain research · 2022Article
- Claims-based measures of prescription opioid utilization: A practical guide for researchers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Review
- Reduction of Opioid Prescriptions in Maxillofacial Trauma Following North Carolina STOP Act.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFacial fractures are painful injuries routinely managed by opioids after surgical repair. Studies have identified patient risk factors and prescribing patterns associated with opioid use in medicine and general surgery; however, little is known about these entities in the facial trauma population.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of opioid-naive patients undergoing surgical repair of facial fractures was conducted using the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (2006 to 2015) and Medicaid Multi-State Databases (2011 to 2015). Eligible procedures included nasal, nasoorbitoethmoid, orbital, mandible, and Le Fort fracture repair. Opioid type, daily dosage, and prescription duration were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent predictors of prescription refill.
resultsA total of 20,191 patients undergoing surgical repair of facial fractures were identified. Of these, 15,861 patients (78.6 percent) filled a perioperative opioid prescription. Refill (58.7 percent) and potentially inappropriate prescribing (39.4 percent) were common among this population. Patient factors including prior substance use (adjusted OR, 1.84; 95 percent CI, 1.63 to 2.07) and history of mental health disorder (adjusted OR, 1.43; 95 percent CI, 1.06 to 1.91) were independent predictors of refill. Increased odds of refill were seen in patients prescribed tramadol (OR, 1.98; 95 percent CI, 1.48 to 2.66) and those who underwent multiple surgical repairs (OR, 3.38; 95 percent CI, 2.54 to 4.50).
conclusionsRefill and potentially inappropriate prescribing occurred at high rates in facial trauma patients undergoing surgical repair. Additional studies are needed to develop guidelines for proper opioid prescribing in this population. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
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Registered trials
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