ReviewBiochemical Society transactions2020
Why a d-β-hydroxybutyrate monoester?
Review in Biochemical Society transactions, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison Between Endogenous and Exogenous Ketosis in Patients With Non-ischemic Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Evaluation of the Safety and Tolerability of Exogenous Ketosis Induced by Free Beta-hydroxybutyrate.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exogenous ketosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: Safety, tolerability and effect on glycaemic control.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2021Trial
- Tolerability and Safety of a Novel Ketogenic Ester, Bis-Hexanoyl (R)-1,3-Butanediol: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Ketogenic diet combined with probiotics for polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome: research progress from the perspective of the gut microbiota-host metabolic axis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Ketone ester supplementation protects from experimental colitis via improved goblet cell differentiation and function.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Acute Supplementation of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Increases Visual Cortical Excitability in Humans: A Combined Electro-EncephaloGraphy and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Review
- Characterizing the Hepatic Metabolic Pathway of Ketone Ester and Subsequent Metabolites Using Human and Rat Liver Fractions.The AAPS journal · 2025Article
- Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Nutritional Supplements in Alzheimer's Disease.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The impact of mild episodic ketosis on microglia and hippocampal long-term depression in 5xFAD mice.FASEB bioAdvances · 2024Article
- Article
- Ketosis prevents abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture through C-C chemokine receptor type 2 downregulation and enhanced extracellular matrix balance.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Exploring diet-induced ketosis with exogenous ketone supplementation as a potential intervention in post-traumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Three Weeks on a Ketogenic Diet Reduces Free Testosterone and Free Estradiol in Middle-Aged Obese Men and Women.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2024Article
- Beta-Hydroxybutyrate: A Supplemental Molecule for Various Diseases.Current drug targets · 2024Review
- Case report: Ketogenic diet alleviated anxiety and depression associated with insulin-dependent diabetes management.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Review
- Quantitative Determination of (R)-3-Hydroxybutyl (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate (Ketone Ester) and Its Metabolites Beta-hydroxybutyrate, 1-3-Butanediol, and Acetoacetate in Human Plasma Using LC-MS.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
- Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies against Ischemic Injury: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The proteomic effects of ketone bodies: implications for proteostasis and brain proteinopathies.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Application and discoveries of metabolomics and proteomics in the study of female infertility.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Much of the world's prominent and burdensome chronic diseases, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's, and heart disease, are caused by impaired metabolism. By acting as both an efficient fuel and a powerful signalling molecule, the natural ketone body, d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), may help circumvent the metabolic malfunctions that aggravate some diseases. Historically, dietary interventions that elevate βHB production by the liver, such as high-fat diets and partial starvation, have been used to treat chronic disease with varying degrees of success, owing to the potential downsides of such diets. The recent development of an ingestible βHB monoester provides a new tool to quickly and accurately raise blood ketone concentration, opening a myriad of potential health applications. The βHB monoester is a salt-free βHB precursor that yields only the biologically active d-isoform of the metabolite, the pharmacokinetics of which have been studied, as has safety for human consumption in athletes and healthy volunteers. This review describes fundamental concepts of endogenous and exogenous ketone body metabolism, the differences between the βHB monoester and other exogenous ketones and summarises the disease-specific biochemical and physiological rationales behind its clinical use in diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, heart failure, sepsis related muscle atrophy, migraine, and epilepsy. We also address the limitations of using the βHB monoester as an adjunctive nutritional therapy and areas of uncertainty that could guide future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.