ReviewJapanese journal of radiology2020
Extra-nodal extension in head and neck cancer: how radiologists can help staging and treatment planning.
Review in Japanese journal of radiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine Learning to Predict Extranodal Extension in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Laryngoscope · 2026Pooled it
- Practical applications of photon-counting CT in oncology: an organ-based pictorial review.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- Letter to the Editor: Perinodal signal in breast magnetic resonance imaging: flare sign and extracapsular spread.Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) · 2026Article
- Imaging-detected extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: clinical implications, diagnostic criteria, and the potential of photon-counting detector CT.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- MRI-detected extranodal extension as a marker of prostate cancer aggressiveness.European radiology · 2025Article
- Reply to the Letter to the Editor: MRI-detected extranodal extension as a marker of prostate cancer aggressiveness.European radiology · 2025Article
- PET/MR for predicting extranodal extension of head and neck cancer.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Imaging Findings of Human Papillomavirus-Positive and Human Papillomavirus-Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with Recurrence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- [Advances in the diagnosis and prognosis of extranodal extension in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2024Review
- Exploration of the value of concurrent chemotherapy for T2N1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma under intensity modulated radiotherapy mode.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Prognostic significance of cervical radiologic carotid artery invasion by lymph node on magnetic resonance imaging in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2023Article
- Article
- Combined signal averaging and compressed sensing: impact on quality of contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed 3D turbo field-echo imaging for pharyngolaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Neuroradiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extranodal extension (ENE) is a significant prognostic factor in p16-negative head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma and is classified as N3b by the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition. While most previous radiological studies have focused on the diagnostic performance of pathological ENE, radiologists should be able to provide more clinically relevant information on this entity. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical implications of ENE, to describe key imaging features of ENE with clinical and histopathological correlations and to discuss evaluation of ENE for clinical staging, treatment planning, and predicting the response to treatment. First, we discuss the basics of ENE, including definitions of pathological and clinical ENE and its association with imaging findings. Second, we describe the ENE extension pattern at each location according to level system. The crucial structures determining the choice of treatment include the deep fascia in the deep cervical layer, internal and common carotid arteries, and mediastinal structures. Invasion of the muscles, internal jugular vein, nerves, or mandible also affect the surgical procedure. Finally, we discuss assessment of nodal metastasis after chemoradiotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.