ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2019
Sleep in elite swimmers: prevalence of sleepiness, obstructive sleep apnoea and poor sleep quality.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Recovery in Athletes: BMI and Neck Circumference and Their Impact on Recovery Capacity and Injury Risk.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- The relationship between sleep disorder and mental health in athletes and its mediating role: a cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Optimizing Sleep in Athletes: The Potential of α-Lactalbumin in Nutrition Intervention.Protein and peptide letters · 2025Review
- Sleep Quality in Greek Adolescent Swimmers.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Sleep Patterns During Pre-Competition Training Phase: A Comparison Between Male and Female Collegiate Swimmers.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Sleep disorders and exercise: a mini-review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Review
- Effect of training load on sleep parameters and biochemical fatigue markers in elite swimmers.Biology of sport · 2023Article
- Seasonal changes in physiological and psychological parameters of stress in collegiate swimmers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The effect of Pilates exercises on sleep quality and fatigue among female students dormitory residents.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Sleep quality monitoring in individual sports athletes: parameters and definitions by systematic review.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesLimited data suggest that swimmers might be affected by poor quality of sleep significantly. The aim was to explore the prevalence of sleep disturbances in swimmers and possible link between rhinitis and sleep disturbance.
methodsStudy 1 was an observational case-control, questionnaire-based study involving 157 elite and non-elite swimmers, 36 non-swimming athletes and 50 controls. In study 2, we measured sleep quality and duration using actigraphy in 20 elite swimmers. We also looked for presence of sleep-disordered breathing using overnight pulse oximetry monitor.
resultsIn study 1, we observed a significant difference in prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness between groups of elite swimmers and controls. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores do not suggest that quality of sleep in group of swimmers is impaired. In study 2, we found that prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in elite swimmers defined as oxygen desaturation index ≥5 was 30%. Analysis of actigraphy data revealed that on nights prior to training days, 'going to' bed time was significantly earlier and total sleep time was significantly reduced.
conclusionSwimmers and non-swimming athletes suffer significantly more with excessive daytime sleepiness than healthy controls. In elite swimmers, this is likely linked to high prevalence of OSA. PSQI scores do not suggest that quality of sleep in group of swimmers is impaired, but actigraphy shows great variations between sleep pattern preceding training and rest day. This seems to be associated with early-morning sessions which can be a disruptive element of weekly sleep patterns.
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Registered trials
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