ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2020
Perivascular spaces in the brain: anatomy, physiology and pathology.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06857136 (The Role of the Glymphatic System Avaluated Thourgh mr Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of NPH), which is not on this map. Cited by 526 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Role of the Glymphatic System Avaluated Thourgh mr Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of NPH
Who cites it
526 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 822 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimal timing of ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion relative to cranioplasty post-decompressive craniectomy: a frequentist network meta-analysis.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Pooled it
- DTI-ALPS index and cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanisms and Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cognitive Impairment: A Comprehensive Review.Aging and disease · 2025Pooled it
- Outdoor Air Pollution, Perivascular Space Morphology, and Cognition in Preadolescence.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography and Longitudinal Changes in Cognition and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Neurology · 2026Article
- Duration-related regional patterns of gray matter alterations in hypertension and their cognitive implications.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Genetic Insights Into Protective Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Stroke and Alzheimer Disease Across Ancestries.Neurology. Genetics · 2026Article
- Perivascular Spaces as Determinants of Amyloid, Tau, and Vascular Biomarker Progression.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Glymphatic-Hippocampal Axis Alterations Across the Migraine-Medication Exposure Continuum: A Multi-modal Neuroimaging Study.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Associations of physical fitness with brain structure, pathology and cognition in cognitively normal older adults.npj aging · 2026Article
- The Glymphatic System in Neurological Diseases: Mechanisms, Imaging Surrogates, and Translational Uncertainties.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Deep Medullary Vein Disruption and Glymphatic Dysfunction Are Associated With Cognitive Impairment and Imaging Burden in Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Neurovascular Signaling in the Perivascular Space: Biophysical Principles and Disruption in Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Review
- Central nervous system lymphatic network: from the maintenance of brain homeostasis to emerging therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Comparison of T1w, T2w, and T1w/T2w MRI methods for perivascular space quantification.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Cerebral Intramural Cells: A Missing Cellular Link Between Vascular Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The glymphatic system and Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Are perivascular spaces truly incidental? Evidence of structural-diffusion coupling in healthy young adults.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Corpora amylacea and glymphatic system in temporal lobe epilepsy patients: Clinicopathological correlation.Epilepsia · 2026Article
466 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Perivascular spaces include a variety of passageways around arterioles, capillaries and venules in the brain, along which a range of substances can move. Although perivascular spaces were first identified over 150 years ago, they have come to prominence recently owing to advances in knowledge of their roles in clearance of interstitial fluid and waste from the brain, particularly during sleep, and in the pathogenesis of small vessel disease, Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. Experimental advances have facilitated in vivo studies of perivascular space function in intact rodent models during wakefulness and sleep, and MRI in humans has enabled perivascular space morphology to be related to cognitive function, vascular risk factors, vascular and neurodegenerative brain lesions, sleep patterns and cerebral haemodynamics. Many questions about perivascular spaces remain, but what is now clear is that normal perivascular space function is important for maintaining brain health. Here, we review perivascular space anatomy, physiology and pathology, particularly as seen with MRI in humans, and consider translation from models to humans to highlight knowns, unknowns, controversies and clinical relevance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.