ArticleCell research2020
Meningeal lymphatic vessels regulate brain tumor drainage and immunity.
Article in Cell research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 249 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
249 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 366 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of meningeal lymphatic vessels in brain homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- New trends in brain tumor immunity with the opportunities of lymph nodes targeted drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Pooled it
- Phototherapy of Alzheimer's Disease: Photostimulation of Brain Lymphatics during Sleep: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Glymphatic system dysfunction in central nervous system malignancies: A narrative review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Brain barriers at the crossroads of glioma immune surveillance and immunotherapy response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Microbiota-Neuroinflammation Crosstalk in Primary Brain Tumors: Focus on Glioblastoma.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- The Glymphatic System and Neurosurgery: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Current Concepts and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Artificial intelligence-based segmentation of perisinusoidal tissue along the superior sagittal sinus in human brain magnetic resonance imaging.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Functional and Structural Evidence of Neurofluid Circuit Aberrations in Huntington Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Disrupted drainage in the aging brain: Meningeal lymphatic decline as a convergent axis of vulnerability.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Review
- Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates LPS-Induced Sepsis-Associated Lung Injury in Mice via VEGFC/D-VEGFR3 Signaling-Mediated Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Remodeling.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- The glymphatic system and glioblastoma.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Reconstructing cerebral lymphatic clearance: an emerging target in the Alzheimer's disease therapeutic pipeline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space may serve as a potential biomarker for differentiating glioma recurrence from pseudoprogression: a preliminary study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- The Glymphatic System and Meningeal Lymphatics: Current Understandings and Future Perspectives.MedComm · 2026Review
- The spinal lymphatic system: an emerging pathway bridging fluid homeostasis, immunity, and disease.Bone research · 2026Review
189 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
22 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs), which are located both dorsally and basally beneath the skull, provide a route for draining macromolecules and trafficking immune cells from the central nervous system (CNS) into cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the roles of MLVs in brain tumor drainage and immunity remain unexplored. Here we show that dorsal MLVs undergo extensive remodeling in mice with intracranial gliomas or metastatic melanomas. RNA-seq analysis of MLV endothelial cells revealed changes in the gene sets involved in lymphatic remodeling, fluid drainage, as well as inflammatory and immunological responses. Disruption of dorsal MLVs alone impaired intratumor fluid drainage and the dissemination of brain tumor cells to deep CLNs (dCLNs). Notably, the dendritic cell (DC) trafficking from intracranial tumor tissues to dCLNs decreased in mice with defective dorsal MLVs, and increased in mice with enhanced dorsal meningeal lymphangiogenesis. Strikingly, disruption of dorsal MLVs alone, without affecting basal MLVs or nasal LVs, significantly reduced the efficacy of combined anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy in striatal tumor models. Furthermore, mice bearing tumors overexpressing VEGF-C displayed a better response to anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 combination therapy, and this was abolished by CCL21/CCR7 blockade, suggesting that VEGF-C potentiates checkpoint therapy via the CCL21/CCR7 pathway. Together, the results of our study not only demonstrate the functional aspects of MLVs as classic lymphatic vasculature, but also highlight that they are essential in generating an efficient immune response against brain tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.