ArticleEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2020
Brain structure, IQ, and psychopathology in young offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Article in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.Human brain mapping · 2022Pooled it
- Cognitive ability following exposure to parental mental disorders and other childhood adversities: a population-based cohort study of Danish males in late adolescence.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Fetal Head Growth and Head Circumference at Birth in Children of Women with Psychotic Disorders and Population-Based Controls.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk for schizophrenia is associated with white matter microstructure, cognitive and mental health.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Effects of Shared and Nonshared Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Alleles on Cognition and Educational Attainment in the UK Biobank.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Polygenic Scores and Mood Disorder Onsets in the Context of Family History and Early Psychopathology.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Developmental trajectories of gyrification and sulcal morphometrics in children and adolescents at high familial risk for bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Exploring protective factors in a high-risk subsample: the pivotal role of paternal support in preventing depression in a cohort of young adults.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2025Article
- Putative Risk Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder in At-risk Youth.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Review
- The Mood and Resilience in Offspring (MARIO) project: a longitudinal cohort study among offspring of parents with and without a mood disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2024Observational
- Intracortical Myelin in Youths at Risk for Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Neurocognitive Correlates of Cerebellar Volumetric Alterations in Youth with Pediatric Bipolar Spectrum Disorders and Bipolar Offspring.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Of differing methods, disputed estimates and discordant interpretations: the meta-analytical multiverse of brain volume and IQ associations.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Consensus on nomenclature for clinical staging models in bipolar disorder: A narrative review from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Staging Task Force.Bipolar disorders · 2021Review
- Associations between childhood family emotional health, fronto-limbic grey matter volume, and saliva 5mC in young adulthood.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudying offspring of schizophrenia (SZo) and bipolar disorder patients (BDo) provides important information on the putative neurodevelopmental trajectories underlying development toward severe mental illnesses. We compared intracranial volume (ICV), as a marker for neurodevelopment, and global and local brain measures between SZo or BDo and control offspring (Co) in relation to IQ and psychopathology.
methodsT1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans were obtained from 146 participants (8-19 years; 40 SZo, 66 BDo, 40 Co). Linear mixed models were applied to compare ICV, global, and local brain measures between groups. To investigate the effect of ICV, IQ (four subtests Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children/Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III) or presence of psychopathology these variables were each added to the model.
resultsSZo and BDo had significantly lower IQ and more often met criteria for a lifetime psychiatric disorder than Co. ICV was significantly smaller in SZo than in BDo (d = -0.56) and Co (d = -0.59), which was largely independent of IQ (respectively, d = -0.54 and d = -0.35). After ICV correction, the cortex was significantly thinner in SZo than in BDo (d = -0.42) and Co (d = -0.75) and lateral ventricles were larger in BDo than in Co (d = 0.55). Correction for IQ or lifetime psychiatric diagnosis did not change these findings.
conclusionsDespite sharing a lower IQ and a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders, brain abnormalities in BDo appear less pronounced (but are not absent) than in SZo. Lower ICV in SZo implies that familial risk for schizophrenia has a stronger association with stunted early brain development than familial risk for bipolar disorder.
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