ArticleBMC cancer2020
A retrospective analysis on metastatic rate of the internal mammary lymph node and its clinical significance in adjuvant radiotherapy of breast cancer patients.
Article in BMC cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Survival Analysis of Radiotherapy for Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes After Modified Radical Mastectomy for TBreast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2024Article
- Comparison of nodal staging between CT, MRI, and [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Property of Axillary Lymph Nodes and Analysis of Lymph Node Metastasis Factors in Breast Cancer by Ultrasound Elastography.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Recurrent Metastatic Breast Cancer in Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes along the Translocated Left Internal Mammary Artery Bypass Graft.Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging · 2021Article
- Preoperatively Estimating the Malignant Potential of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes: A Pilot Study Toward Establishing a Robust Radiomics Model Based on Contrast-Enhanced CT Imaging.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is a discrepancy about the metastatic rate of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) between clinical and pathologic findings. We aimed to investigate the metastatic rate of IMNs and to provide recommendations on target volume delineation of IMNs for adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer patients.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 114 breast cancer patients treated with surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy who developed local and/or regional lymph node recurrence/metastasis at our institute from January 2015 to January 2019. Patients with widely lung or pleural metastases were excluded. We first analyzed the recurrence rate with the chest wall, the metastatic rate of internal mammary/anterior mediastinal, ipsilateral axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes, and then investigated the distribution of the IMNs.
resultsAmong the 114 included patients, the recurrence rate with the chest wall, metastatic rate of IMNs, IMNs/anterior mediastinal lymph nodes, ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, and the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes was 43, 37.7, 59.6, 12.3, and 22.8%, respectively. The metastatic IMNs were mainly located from the first to the second intercostal space. However, metastatic lymph nodes could also be observed above the upper edge of the first rib.
conclusionsThe metastatic rate is high in the IMNs and irradiation of the internal mammary lymphatic chain is required. It is suggested that the upper bound of the internal mammary lymphatic chain should be up to the subclavian vein with a 5-mm margin, thus connecting to the caudal border of supraclavicular clinical target volume in breast cancer patients at high risk of recurrence.
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