ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Pistol and Rifle Performance: Gender and Relative Age Effect Analysis.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and Impact of the Relative Age Effect on Competition Performance in Swimming: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Factors that influence performance in Olympic air-rifle and small-bore shooting: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Does the Relative Age Effect Influence Short-Term Performance and Sport Career in Team Sports? A Qualitative Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Age and weekly physical activity are correlated with ballistic VR decision making and reaction time shooting performance at rest.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relative age effect in the 2022-2023 World Fencing Championships.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing the Executive Functions of Male and Female Cadets.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Steady, Aim, Fire! Optimized Instructions Enhance Performance and Reduce Intra-Trial Variability in a Shooting Task.Journal of human kinetics · 2022Article
- Executive Function Level in Cadets' Shooting Performance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Are the Player Selection Process and Performance Influenced by Relative Age Effect in Elite Women's Handball?Journal of human kinetics · 2021Article
- Are European Soccer Players Worth More If They Are Born Early in the Year? Relative Age Effect on Player Market Value.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe sport overrepresentation of early-born athletes within a selection year is called relative age effect (RAE). Moreover, gender performance differences depend on the sport. The main objectives of the study were to compare performances between gender and RAE in precision shooting events.
methodThe results of 704 shooters who participated in the most recent World Shooting Championship were compared. Performance was analysed by event (rifle and pistol), gender and category (junior and senior), together with RAE and six ranges of ranking positions.
resultsThe results of the study indicated that men scored higher than women in pistol events and that no performance differences were found in rifle events when the whole group was compared. According to the birth trimester, no significant differences were found in the participant's distribution, nor in performance in any case.
conclusionsThe main conclusions of the study are: (1) the men's pistol performance is better than the women's even though RAE is not associated to the shooting score in any case; (2) men and women performed equally in the general analysis, but their performances were different depending on category and event with no RAE influence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.