ArticleBiomaterials2020
A multilayered valve leaflet promotes cell-laden collagen type I production and aortic valve hemodynamics.
Article in Biomaterials, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Engineering Human Tissue Models.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Pooled it
- Advancing Congenital Heart Defect Treatments: Synergistic Approaches with Stem Cells and Functional Scaffolds.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Materials Advances in Devices for Heart Disease Interventions.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Harnessing native blueprints for designing bioinks to bioprint functional cardiac tissue.iScience · 2025Review
- Recent advancements in polymeric heart valves: From basic research to clinical trials.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- A Biomimetic Leaflet Scaffold for Aortic Valve Remodeling.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Strategies for Development of Synthetic Heart Valve Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.Progress in materials science · 2023Article
- Bioprinting of Cardiac Tissue in Space: Where Are We?Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Fibrin gel enhanced trilayer structure in cell-cultured constructs.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2023Article
- Biological Scaffolds for Congenital Heart Disease.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Fabrication of Tβ4-Exosome-releasing artificial stem cells for myocardial infarction therapy by improving coronary collateralization.Bioactive materials · 2022Article
- Self-eating and Heart: The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.Aging and disease · 2021Review
- High-precision, gelatin-based, hybrid, bilayer scaffolds using melt electro-writing to repair cartilage injury.Bioactive materials · 2021Article
- 3-Dimensional Bioprinting of Cardiovascular Tissues: Emerging Technology.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2021Review
- Combinatorial screen of dynamic mechanical stimuli for predictive control of MSC mechano-responsiveness.Science advances · 2021Article
- Future prospects in the tissue engineering of heart valves: a focus on the role of stem cells.Expert opinion on biological therapyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with aortic heart valve disease are limited to valve replacements that lack the ability to grow and remodel. This presents a major challenge for pediatric patients who require a valve capable of somatic growth and at a smaller size. A patient-specific heart valve capable of growth and remodeling while maintaining proper valve function would address this major issue. Here, we recreate the native valve leaflet structure composed of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and cell-laden gelatin-methacrylate/poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (GelMA/PEGDA) hydrogels using 3D printing and molding, and then evaluate the ability of the multilayered scaffold to produce collagen matrix under physiological shear stress conditions. We also characterized the valve hemodynamics under aortic physiological flow conditions. The valve's fibrosa layer was replicated by 3D printing PCL in a circumferential direction similar to collagen alignment in the native leaflet, and GelMA/PEGDA sustained and promoted cell viability in the spongiosa/ventricularis layers. We found that collagen type I production can be increased in the multilayered scaffold when it is exposed to pulsatile shear stress conditions over static conditions. When the PCL component was mounted onto a valve ring and tested under physiological aortic valve conditions, the hemodynamics were comparable to commercially available valves. Our results demonstrate that a structurally representative valve leaflet can be generated using 3D printing and that the PCL layer of the leaflet can sustain proper valve function under physiological aortic valve conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.