ArticleJAMA pediatrics2020
Associations of Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy With Risk of Congenital Heart Defects.
Article in JAMA pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Congenital anomalies observed in children conceived through assisted reproductive technology-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Pooled it
- Assisted Reproductive Techniques and Risk of Congenital Heart Diseases in Children: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Risk of Birth Defects Related to the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology: An Updated Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of assisted reproductive techniques on offspring cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Review
- Dose-dependent perinatal risks of clomiphene citrate in US IVF cycles: a national cohort study, 2004-2021.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Observed Prevalence and Predictors of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants Conceived via In vitro Fertilization.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Risk of minor congenital heart defect in infants conceived via assisted reproductive technology: cohort study from the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026Article
- 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome in Offspring Conceived via Assisted Reproductive Technology Versus Spontaneously.Genes · 2026Article
- Conjoined twins after single blastocyst transfer with Cantrell's pentalogy in both fetuses: a case description.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Accounting for Twins and Other Multiple Births in Perinatal Studies of Live Births Conducted Using Healthcare Administration Data.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Risk related to gestational weight loss among individuals with obesity: a population-based cohort study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Article
- Synergistic effect between pre-pregnancy smoking and assisted reproductive technology on gestational diabetes mellitus in twin pregnancies.Acta diabetologica · 2024Article
- Article
- Accounting for Twins and Other Multiple Births in Perinatal Studies Conducted Using Healthcare Administration Data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular health of offspring conceived by assisted reproduction technology: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Association between maternal marginalization and infants born with congenital heart disease in Ontario Canada.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Comparison of Genetic Profiles of Neonates in Intensive Care Units Conceived With or Without Assisted Reproductive Technology.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Risk Assessment for Birth Defects in Offspring of Chinese Pregnant Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Correlation between assisted reproductive technology-induced pregnancy and fetal cardiac anomalies.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Association between Fetal Cardiac Disorders with Choroid Plexus Cyst in Fetuses.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: The extent to which assisted reproductive technology is associated with increased risk of congenital heart defects independent of its known association with twinning remains uncertain. Objective: To assess the extent to which assisted pregnancy is associated with increased risk of congenital heart defects independent of its known association with twinning. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study linked records of congenital heart defect diagnoses with assisted reproductive technology cycles in 507 390 singleton or twin pregnancies (10 149 assisted pregnancies and 497 241 nonassisted pregnancies), including singleton and twin early pregnancy losses, stillbirths, and live births (follow-up to 1 year of age) in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2012, and October 31, 2015. Statistical analysis was performed from January 1, 2017, to September 9, 2019. Exposures: Assisted reproductive technology and its 2 subtypes: intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization without intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was congenital heart defects (prevalence and relative risk measured as odds ratios [ORs]). Mediation analysis was performed to assess the extent to which the association between assisted reproductive technology and congenital heart defects was mediated by twinning. Results: Of 507 390 mother-infant pairs with singleton or twin pregnancies evaluated, the prevalence of congenital heart defects in assisted pregnancies (223 [2.2%]) was higher than that in nonassisted pregnancies (6057 [1.2%]; crude OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.59-2.09). The strength of the association between assisted pregnancy and congenital heart defects decreased after adjusting for several risk factors simultaneously (adjusted OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.48-1.95). Further mediation analysis indicated that most of the association between assisted pregnancy and congenital heart defects was mediated by twinning (adjusted OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.44-1.92), and the natural direct association of assisted pregnancy with congenital heart defects among singleton pregnancies was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.93-1.25). Mediation of twinning accounted for 87.3% of the association. Conclusions and Relevance: Our study results suggest that the association between assisted reproductive technology and congenital heart defects may be mediated by twinning.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.