ArticleHuman brain mapping2020
Men and women differ in the neural basis of handwriting.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cortical representation of multidimensional handwriting movement and implications for neuroprostheses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Motor and cognitive determinants of L2 handwriting fluency and legibility in 10-12-year-old girls: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Dynamic brain lateralization patterns in Chinese naturalistic language comprehension and association with sex differences: a 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging study.Psychoradiology · 2026Article
- Connectome-based predictive modeling of handwriting and reading using task-evoked and resting-state functional connectivity.iScience · 2025Article
- Orthographic character complexity modulates dynamic neural activity in skilled handwriting.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2025Article
- Sensorimotor Network Segregation Predicts Long-Term Learning of Writing Skills in Parkinson's Disease.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Lateralized Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor Cortex and its Variations During Complex Visuomotor Tasks.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Interpol questioned documents review 2019-2022.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Review
- Functional brain networks underlying the interaction between central and peripheral processes involved in Chinese handwriting in children and adults.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Brain Correlates of Chinese Handwriting and Their Relation to Reading Development in Children: An fMRI Study.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Personality traits modulate the neural responses to handwriting processing.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2022Article
- The brain basis of handwriting deficits in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia.Developmental science · 2022Article
- Disruption of Functional Brain Networks Underlies the Handwriting Deficit in Children With Developmental Dyslexia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neural Correlates of Executed Compared to Imagined Writing and Drawing Movements: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Dynamical Complexity Fingerprints of Occupation-Dependent Brain Functional Networks in Professional Seafarers.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neuroanatomical correlates of self-awareness of highly practiced visuomotor skills.Brain structure & function · 2021Article
- The cortical organization of writing sequence: evidence from observing Chinese characters in motion.Brain structure & function · 2021Article
- Tablet Technology for Writing and Drawing during Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Men and women differ in the neural basis of handwriting.Human brain mapping · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate about whether, and to what extent, males differ from females in their language skills. In the case of handwriting, a composite language skill involving language and motor processes, behavioral observations consistently show robust sex differences but the mechanisms underlying the effect are unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a copying task, the present study examined the neural basis of sex differences in handwriting in 53 healthy adults (ages 19-28, 27 males). Compared to females, males showed increased activation in the left posterior middle frontal gyrus (Exner's area), a region thought to support the conversion between orthographic and graphomotor codes. Functional connectivity between Exner's area and the right cerebellum was greater in males than in females. Furthermore, sex differences in brain activity related to handwriting were independent of language material. This study identifies a novel neural signature of sex differences in a hallmark of human behavior, and highlights the importance of considering sex as a factor in scientific research and clinical applications involving handwriting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.