Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32090207›Full record

ArticleRadiology. Artificial intelligence2019

Improving Automated Pediatric Bone Age Estimation Using Ensembles of Models from the 2017 RSNA Machine Learning Challenge.

Ian Pan, Hans Henrik Thodberg, Safwan S Halabi, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, David B Larson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Radiology. Artificial intelligence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Automatic bone age assessment: a Turkish population study.Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) · 2025
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  12. Collaborative Privacy-preserving Approaches for Distributed Deep Learning Using Multi-Institutional Data.Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc · 2023
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  13. PredictingFrontiers in microbiology · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Ian PanDepartment of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 (I.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (I.P.); Visiana, Hørsholm, Denmark (H.H.T.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (S.S.H., D.B.L.); and Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.K.C.).ORCID 0000-0002-0650-6614
Hans Henrik ThodbergDepartment of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 (I.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (I.P.); Visiana, Hørsholm, Denmark (H.H.T.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (S.S.H., D.B.L.); and Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.K.C.).
Safwan S HalabiDepartment of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 (I.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (I.P.); Visiana, Hørsholm, Denmark (H.H.T.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (S.S.H., D.B.L.); and Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.K.C.).ORCID 0000-0003-1317-984X
Jayashree Kalpathy-CramerDepartment of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 (I.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (I.P.); Visiana, Hørsholm, Denmark (H.H.T.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (S.S.H., D.B.L.); and Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.K.C.).ORCID 0000-0001-8906-9618
David B LarsonDepartment of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 (I.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (I.P.); Visiana, Hørsholm, Denmark (H.H.T.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (S.S.H., D.B.L.); and Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.K.C.).ORCID 0000-0002-1157-5905
Brown University · USHarvard University · USProvidence College · US

Funding

Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Retinopathy of PrematurityR01EY019474 · NEI · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI CAMPBELL, JOHN PETER · 2010 to 2020
$7.0M
Informatics Tools for Optimized Imaging Biomarkers for Cancer Research&DiscoveryU24CA180927 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI KALPATHY-CRAMER, JAYASHREE, ROSEN, BRUCE R · 2014 to 2018
$3.4M
NCI NIH HHS U24 CA180927NEI NIH HHS R01 EY019474
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo investigate improvements in performance for automatic bone age estimation that can be gained through model ensembling. MATERIALS AND

methodsA total of 48 submissions from the 2017 RSNA Pediatric Bone Age Machine Learning Challenge were used. Participants were provided with 12 611 pediatric hand radiographs with bone ages determined by a pediatric radiologist to develop models for bone age determination. The final results were determined using a test set of 200 radiographs labeled with the weighted average of six ratings. The mean pairwise model correlation and performance of all possible model combinations for ensembles of up to 10 models using the mean absolute deviation (MAD) were evaluated. A bootstrap analysis using the 200 test radiographs was conducted to estimate the true generalization MAD.

resultsThe estimated generalization MAD of a single model was 4.55 months. The best-performing ensemble consisted of four models with an MAD of 3.79 months. The mean pairwise correlation of models within this ensemble was 0.47. In comparison, the lowest achievable MAD by combining the highest-ranking models based on individual scores was 3.93 months using eight models with a mean pairwise model correlation of 0.67.

conclusionCombining less-correlated, high-performing models resulted in better performance than naively combining the top-performing models. Machine learning competitions within radiology should be encouraged to spur development of heterogeneous models whose predictions can be combined to achieve optimal performance.© RSNA, 2019

Identifiers

PMID32090207
PMCPMC6884060
OpenAlexW2989916101

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.