ArticleJournal of craniovertebral junction & spine
Impact of imaging modality, age, and gender on craniocervical junction angles in adults without structural pathology.
Article in Journal of craniovertebral junction & spine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review and commentary on congenital anomalies of the craniocervical junction.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- Impacts of type 1 Chiari malformation on elderly.Surgical neurology international · 2024Article
- Cervicogenic Dizziness Associated With Craniocervical Instability: A Case Report.Journal of medical cases · 2021Article
- Normal range of clivoaxial angle in adults using flexion and extension cervical magnetic resonance imaging scans.The neuroradiology journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextMultiple angles of the craniocervical junction (CCJ) are associated with pathological conditions and surgical outcomes, including the clivo-axial angle (CXA), clival slope (CS), and sagittal axis (XS). However, there are varying normative ranges reported and a paucity of data analyzing the effects of imaging modality, age, and gender on these angles. SETTING AND
designA retrospective review of computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in fifty adults without CCJ pathology from 2014 to 2019.
methodsAge, gender, indication, and hours between scans were recorded. Two-blinded observers measured all angles. Analysis between angles from the same patient was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Multivariable linear regression was used to test for associations between average angles and age or gender.
resultsAverage age and time between scans were 41.3 and 14.3 h, respectively, with 94% performed due to trauma. On CT, average CXA, CS, and XS were 162.1°, 118.4°, and 81.3°, respectively. On MRI, they were 159.8°, 117.2°, 85.3°, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between CXA and XS (
conclusionThere are significant differences in angular measurements of the CCJ between CT and MRI from the same patient, as well as changes in normative values based on age.
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Registered trials
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